w7 cartilage and mineralization Flashcards
cartilage is surrounded by what
perichondrium
is cartilage vascular or avascular and how is it nourished
avascular
nourished by diffusion
what cells are in cartilage
chondroblasts/chondrocytes
what ECM components are in cartilage
type II collagen, proteoglycans, GAGs (glycosaminoglycans), water
what is the perichondrium and what does it contain
connective tissue covering which surrounds most cartilage
provides protection and nutrients
contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves
what are the 2 layers of perichondrium and what is it composed up
outer fibrous layer made of fibroblasts and type 1 collagen
inner chondrogenic layer, which consists of precursors to chondroblasts
what is the most ubiquitous “default cartilage”
hyaline
what is the most resistant cartilage and what type collagen fibers does it contain
fibrocartilage, contains type 1 collagen fibers
function and location of hyaline cartilage
serves as a model for long bone formation
locations - articular surfaces of synovial joints, skeleton of respiratory system, attaches ribs to sternum, forms epiphyseal plate in growing long bones
what is chondronectin (in hyaline cartilage) and purpose
multiadhesive glycoprotein binds GAGs, type II collagen, and integrins
allows chondrocytes to adhere to ECM
in hyaline cartilage, proteoglycan aggregates such as what which interact w collagen
aggrecan
what molecules bind to the GAGs in the proteoglycans
water molecules
hyaline cartilage matrix made of what
type II collagen (+VI and IX)
proteoglycans
glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acids)
hyaline cartilage is what due to high [ ] of sulfated GAGs
basophilic
hyaline cartilage have territorial matrix and interterritorial matrix, whats the difference
territorial matrix - matrix surrounding lacunae is richer in sulfated GAGs and poorer in collagen
interterritorial matrix - matrix father from lacunae has less sulfated GAGs and more collagen (doesn’t stain as intensely)
cartilage ECM is initially secreted by young cells called what
chondroblasts
chondrocytes lodge in small chambers called
lacunae
chondrocyte activity is promoted by what
growth hormone (via IGF-1)
Thyroxin
Testosterone
chondrocyte activity inhibited by what
cortisone
hydrocortisone
estradiol
how does elastic cartilage differ from hyaline
contains abundant elastic fibers in addition to type II collagen
what color is elastic cartilage and why
yellowish bc of elastic fibers
elastic cartilage surrounded by what and where
surrounded by perichondrium
locations
-auricle of ear
-walls of external auditory canal
-pharyngotympanic tube
-epiglottic and cuneiform cartilages of hyaline
where is fibrocartilage usually located
intermediate tissue between CT and hyaline cartilage
chondrocytes in lacunae are often arranged how, separated by type 1 collagen fiber bundles and does it have a distinct perichondrium
arranged in rows
no distinct perichondrium
fibrocarilage stains how when compared to other cartilages
more ACIDOPHILIC
where is fibrocartilage located
intervertebral disc
attachments of some ligaments
pubic symphysis
cartilage originates from what
mesenchyme
chondroblast originates from what
mesenchyme
hat do chondroblast secrete what and become what
ECM
chondrocytes
tissue of periphery of developing cartilage becomes what
perichondrium
interstitial growth allows the ECM to expand within the cartilage by what, and occurs in where
chondrocytes
epiphyseal plates of growing long bones
appositional growth happens where by what
new ECM is added to the outer surface of cartilage by newly differentiated chondroblast
how does cartilage regenerate (cells from where which differentiate into what)
cells from perichondrium differentiate into chondroblast and invade the injured area to produce new cartilage
what mineral is in hard tissues
hydroxyapatite
mineralization initiation works through the release of what vesicles
matrix vesicles
