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Anatomy > w7 cartilage and mineralization > Flashcards

w7 cartilage and mineralization Flashcards

1
Q

cartilage is surrounded by what

A

perichondrium

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2
Q

is cartilage vascular or avascular and how is it nourished

A

avascular
nourished by diffusion

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3
Q

what cells are in cartilage

A

chondroblasts/chondrocytes

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4
Q

what ECM components are in cartilage

A

type II collagen, proteoglycans, GAGs (glycosaminoglycans), water

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5
Q

what is the perichondrium and what does it contain

A

connective tissue covering which surrounds most cartilage
provides protection and nutrients
contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves

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6
Q

what are the 2 layers of perichondrium and what is it composed up

A

outer fibrous layer made of fibroblasts and type 1 collagen
inner chondrogenic layer, which consists of precursors to chondroblasts

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7
Q

what is the most ubiquitous “default cartilage”

A

hyaline

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8
Q

what is the most resistant cartilage and what type collagen fibers does it contain

A

fibrocartilage, contains type 1 collagen fibers

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9
Q

function and location of hyaline cartilage

A

serves as a model for long bone formation

locations - articular surfaces of synovial joints, skeleton of respiratory system, attaches ribs to sternum, forms epiphyseal plate in growing long bones

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10
Q

what is chondronectin (in hyaline cartilage) and purpose

A

multiadhesive glycoprotein binds GAGs, type II collagen, and integrins

allows chondrocytes to adhere to ECM

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11
Q

in hyaline cartilage, proteoglycan aggregates such as what which interact w collagen

A

aggrecan

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12
Q

what molecules bind to the GAGs in the proteoglycans

A

water molecules

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13
Q

hyaline cartilage matrix made of what

A

type II collagen (+VI and IX)
proteoglycans
glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acids)

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14
Q

hyaline cartilage is what due to high [ ] of sulfated GAGs

A

basophilic

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15
Q

hyaline cartilage have territorial matrix and interterritorial matrix, whats the difference

A

territorial matrix - matrix surrounding lacunae is richer in sulfated GAGs and poorer in collagen

interterritorial matrix - matrix father from lacunae has less sulfated GAGs and more collagen (doesn’t stain as intensely)

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16
Q

cartilage ECM is initially secreted by young cells called what

A

chondroblasts

17
Q

chondrocytes lodge in small chambers called

A

lacunae

18
Q

chondrocyte activity is promoted by what

A

growth hormone (via IGF-1)
Thyroxin
Testosterone

19
Q

chondrocyte activity inhibited by what

A

cortisone
hydrocortisone
estradiol

20
Q

how does elastic cartilage differ from hyaline

A

contains abundant elastic fibers in addition to type II collagen

21
Q

what color is elastic cartilage and why

A

yellowish bc of elastic fibers

22
Q

elastic cartilage surrounded by what and where

A

surrounded by perichondrium

locations
-auricle of ear
-walls of external auditory canal
-pharyngotympanic tube
-epiglottic and cuneiform cartilages of hyaline

23
Q

where is fibrocartilage usually located

A

intermediate tissue between CT and hyaline cartilage

24
Q

chondrocytes in lacunae are often arranged how, separated by type 1 collagen fiber bundles and does it have a distinct perichondrium

A

arranged in rows
no distinct perichondrium

25
Q

fibrocarilage stains how when compared to other cartilages

A

more ACIDOPHILIC

26
Q

where is fibrocartilage located

A

intervertebral disc
attachments of some ligaments
pubic symphysis

27
Q

cartilage originates from what

A

mesenchyme

28
Q

chondroblast originates from what

A

mesenchyme

29
Q

hat do chondroblast secrete what and become what

A

ECM
chondrocytes

30
Q

tissue of periphery of developing cartilage becomes what

A

perichondrium

31
Q

interstitial growth allows the ECM to expand within the cartilage by what, and occurs in where

A

chondrocytes
epiphyseal plates of growing long bones

32
Q

appositional growth happens where by what

A

new ECM is added to the outer surface of cartilage by newly differentiated chondroblast

33
Q

how does cartilage regenerate (cells from where which differentiate into what)

A

cells from perichondrium differentiate into chondroblast and invade the injured area to produce new cartilage

34
Q

what mineral is in hard tissues

A

hydroxyapatite

35
Q

mineralization initiation works through the release of what vesicles

A

matrix vesicles

Anatomy (19 decks)

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