Intro to Anatomy Flashcards
anatomical position
standing erect, facing forward, arms by side palms facing forward
supine position
lying on back, face up
prone position
lying face down
median (mid-saggital) section
cut through the mid-line of the body, dividing it into equal left and right
sagittal plane
plane parallel to the median plane, dividing the body into unequal right and left parts
coronal plane
plane perpendicular to the median plane, dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts
transverse/horizontal plane
a cut perpendicular to both the median and coronal planes, dividing the body into superior (towards the head /cranial) and inferior parts (away from the head / caudal)
oblique section
cuts at oblique angle
longitudinal section
cut that parallels the long axis of the body or a body part
anterior (ventral)
front
posterior (dorsal)
back
superior (cranial)
towards the head
inferior (caudal)
towards the feet
radial
lateral side of forearm and hand
ulnar
medial side of forearm and hand
ipsilateral
on the same side
contralateral
on the opposite side
proximal
towards the trunk
distal
away from the trunk
superficial
close to the skin
deep
toward the interior
palmar
anterior surface of hand
plantar
sole or bottom of foot
dorsal
top of foot, posterior or back side of the hand
flexion
movement reduction in angle
abduction
movement of body away from midline
adduction
movement of body towards midline
medial (internal) rotation
rotation towards midline
lateral (external) rotation
rotation away from midline
supination
rotation of the palm upward (forward)
pronation
rotation of the palm downward (backward)
dorsiflexion
pointing the toes upward
plantarflexion
pointing the toes downard
inversion
turning the sole of the foot towards the median plane
eversion
turning the sole of the foot away from the median plane
opposition
bringing the thumb and the little finger (or another finger) together tip to tip
reposition
moving the fingertip away from each other
circumduction
conical movement of the upper or lower limb at the elbow or hip
protrusion
moving body part such as shoulder or jaw forward
retrusion
moving body part backward (to its original position)
a/aa
arteries
v/vv
veins
n/nn
nerves
m/mm
mucles
C(1-7)
Cervical (as in cervical vertebrae)
T(1-12)
Thoracic (as in thoracic vertebrae)
L(1-5)
Lumbar (as in lumbar vertebrae)
S(1-5)
Sacral (as in sacral vertebrae)
what body part
-caput -> capitis
-cranium -> cranial
-cephalic
head
what body part
-collum -> colli
-cervix -> cervical
-nucha -> nuchal
neck
what body part
-thorax -> thoracic
-abdomen -> abdominal
-pelvis -> pelvic
trunk
what body part
-brachium -> brachial
-antebrachium -> antebrachial
-carpus -> carpal
upper limb
what body part
-gluteal
-femur -> femoral
-crus -> crural
-tarsus -> tarsal
lower limb
