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Anatomy > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

epithelium typically sits on a what membrane

A

basement membrane (basal lamina + reticular lamina) [a non-cellular material which separates the epithelium from an underlying connective tissue

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2
Q

is epithelia vascular or avascular

A

avascular (no blood supply)

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3
Q

epithelia of skin and oral mucosa derive from what

A

ectoderm

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4
Q

epithelium lining the respiratory and digestive tracts derives from what

A

endoderm

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5
Q

epithelium of the urinary tract, as well as the epithelium lining the inside of blood vessels and body cavities derive from what

A

mesoderm

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6
Q

cell shape of epithelia

A

squamous (flattened)
cuboidal (height equal to width)
columnar (height greater than width)

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7
Q

epithelia nuclear shape

A

squamous (flattened)
cubodial (spherical)
colmnar (elliptic)

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8
Q

adjacent connective tissue of epithelia in digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract called what

A

lamina propria

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9
Q

what is the basal lamina

A

layer of proteins which separates the epithelium from the connective tissue
only visible w electron microscopy

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10
Q

interface between epithelium and CT often irregular characterized by what and what does this do

A

papillae
increases the interface surface area

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11
Q

do epithelia cells have polarity

A

yes

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12
Q

3 domains of epithelial cells

A

basal domain - part of the cell adjacent to the basal lamina
lateral domain
apical domain - part of cell which forms the free surface of the epithelium

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13
Q

structure of basal lamina

A

laminins (attach to integrins from cells)
type IV collagen (attaches to laminin network)
entactin (nidogen) and perlecan - attack the laminin network to the type IV collagen

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14
Q

reticular lamina structure and function

A

part of the connective tissue
type III collagen (reticular fibers) in the connective tissue attach to the basal lamina by anchoring fibrils made of type VII collagen

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15
Q

basement membrane includes what

A

includes both lamina and reticular lamina
stains well w PAS* stain
visible w light microscopy

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16
Q

what is a zonula occludens and what 2 proteins are important

A

(tight/occluding junction)
claudin and occluin

17
Q

what is a zonula adherens, macula adherens and what proteins are important

A

zonula completely encircles cell
macula attaches at one small point

cadherins - transmembrane glycoproteins, bind to catenin, which links to actin

18
Q

what protein is important in gap (communicating) junctions

A

connexons
allow passage of small molecules and ions from one cell to another

19
Q

examples of tissues w gap junctions and examples of transmitted molecules

A

cardiac muscle, osteoblasts, and osteocytes of bone
cAMP, cGMP, ions

20
Q

hemidesmosomes + components

A

serve as point of attachment of epithelial cells to components of extracellular matrix/basal lamina

integrins replace cadherins, attach the cell to laminins and type IV collagen

21
Q

microvilli have a what core, structure and function

A

have an actin core - contractile
-fingerlike projections, found esp in absorptive cells
-increase surface area of apical membrane up to 30 fold
-actin filaments in microvilli attach to actin in terminal web

22
Q

stereocilia

A

very long branching microvilli
non-motile
found only in the male reproductive tract and inner ear

23
Q

cilia and flagella core and what causes movement and structure

A

axoneme (core) formed of microubules
dynein cuases movement
motile projections from apical membrane
longer and wider than microvilli

24
Q

simple vs stratified cells

A

simple - single layer
stratified - 2 or more layers

25
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A

all cells attach to basal lamina
not all cells reach surface
it appears that there are multiple layers of cells but aren’t

26
Q

urothelium (transitional epithelium)

A

surface cells change shape as tissue is stretched

27
Q

urothelium (transitional epithelium)

A

surface cells change shape as tissue is stretched
(found only in urinary system)

28
Q

glandular tissues develop from what and grow into what

A

lining epithelium
grow into underlying connective tissue

29
Q

exocrine gland parts and mode of secretion and type of secretion

A

secretory portion and duct
merocrine, apocrine, holocrine
serous, mucous, mixed

30
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

special contractile cells help promote movement of secretions in duct system
wrap themselves around secretory portion of the gland and around parts of ducts

31
Q

endocrine release what and do not use what

A

release hormones
DO NOT USE DUCTS

32
Q

paracrine vs autocrine secretion

A

paracrine - acts on cells in local environment
autocrine - acts on cell which released the factor

33
Q

what layer of cells act as stem cells to produce new cells

A

basal layer

Anatomy (19 decks)

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