W7 - Transporters Flashcards
What are the 3 mechanisms of transport
passive diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
what is passive diffusion
when a molecule passes through the membrane down a concentration gradient
what is facilitated diffusion
a protein allows the passage of a molecule down the concentration gradient
what are the two types of active transport
primary
secondary
what is primary active transport
when a protein allows the passage of a molecule against its concentration gradient using energy generated from the hydrolysis of atp
What is secondary active transport
when a protein allows the passage of a molecule through the membrane against its concentration gradient using energy generated from the hydrolysis of atp…
coupled transport occurs meaning that another molecule passes with the main molecule
is facilitated transport saturated or not
it is saturated
what are the 3 families of transporters
Ion transporters and pumps
metabolite transporters
neurotransmitter transporters
what are the 4 classes of pump
P class V class F class ABC
What is a p class pump
transport all types of ions, each type of pump is specific to only one
some p class pumps can transport more than one type of ion at a time
what is a v class pump
these transport only H+ ions. they have a different structure to p class pumps.
what is the purpose of a v class pump
normally used to maintain low pH e.g. in vacuoles and lysosomes
What is an F class pump
they only transport H+ however they transport protons down their electrochemical gradient to power atp synthesis
what does abc stand for
ATP binding Cassette
what is the ATP Binding Cassette family
it is a super family of pumps which contain pumps which move a wide variety of molecules
describe the structure of an ATP binding Cassette
it contains two transmembrane domains and two cytosolic domains which bind ATP.
Rank the order of complexity of pumps (most simple first)
P class ABC F and V class
What are the three vesicular neurotransmitter transporters to be made aware of
Vesicular inhibatory amino acid transporter
Vesicular excitatory amino acid transporter
Vesicular amine transporters
What are 6 neurotransmitter in the plasma membrane to be made aware of
NET - noradrenaline transporter
DAT - dopamine transporters
5-HT Transporters
EAAT - excitatory amino acid transporters
GAT - GABA transporters
GLyT - Glycine transporters
Where can we find the plasma membrane transporters
pre synaptic
post synaptic
GLial localisation
What does citalopram do
it is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor
what is citalopram used for
depressive illness
panic disorder
what does dexamfetamine do
block monoamine transporters
it is part of the amphetamine family and leads to increased levels of central nervous system stimulation
what is dexamfetamine indicated for
Narcolepsy
Refractory attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
what does riluzole do
reduces glutamate “excitotoxcity” via multiple interactions
what is riluzole used for
extend life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
and if initiated by specialists can be used in the management of motor neurone disease
