W7 - Transporters

Question 1

What are the 3 mechanisms of transport

Answer 1

passive diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport

Question 2

what is passive diffusion

Answer 2

when a molecule passes through the membrane down a concentration gradient

Question 3

what is facilitated diffusion

Answer 3

a protein allows the passage of a molecule down the concentration gradient

Question 4

what are the two types of active transport

Answer 4

primary

secondary

Question 5

what is primary active transport

Answer 5

when a protein allows the passage of a molecule against its concentration gradient using energy generated from the hydrolysis of atp

Question 6

What is secondary active transport

Answer 6

when a protein allows the passage of a molecule through the membrane against its concentration gradient using energy generated from the hydrolysis of atp…

coupled transport occurs meaning that another molecule passes with the main molecule

Question 7

is facilitated transport saturated or not

Answer 7

it is saturated

Question 8

what are the 3 families of transporters

Answer 8

Ion transporters and pumps

metabolite transporters

neurotransmitter transporters

Question 9

what are the 4 classes of pump

Answer 9

P class
V class
F class
ABC

Question 10

What is a p class pump

Answer 10

transport all types of ions, each type of pump is specific to only one

some p class pumps can transport more than one type of ion at a time

Question 11

what is a v class pump

Answer 11

these transport only H+ ions. they have a different structure to p class pumps.

Question 12

what is the purpose of a v class pump

Answer 12

normally used to maintain low pH e.g. in vacuoles and lysosomes

Question 13

What is an F class pump

Answer 13

they only transport H+ however they transport protons down their electrochemical gradient to power atp synthesis

Question 14

what does abc stand for

Answer 14

ATP binding Cassette

Question 15

what is the ATP Binding Cassette family

Answer 15

it is a super family of pumps which contain pumps which move a wide variety of molecules

Question 16

describe the structure of an ATP binding Cassette

Answer 16

it contains two transmembrane domains and two cytosolic domains which bind ATP.

Question 17

Rank the order of complexity of pumps (most simple first)

Answer 17

P class
ABC
F and V class

Question 18

What are the three vesicular neurotransmitter transporters to be made aware of

Answer 18

Vesicular inhibatory amino acid transporter

Vesicular excitatory amino acid transporter

Vesicular amine transporters

Question 19

What are 6 neurotransmitter in the plasma membrane to be made aware of

Answer 19

NET - noradrenaline transporter

DAT - dopamine transporters

5-HT Transporters

EAAT - excitatory amino acid transporters

GAT - GABA transporters

GLyT - Glycine transporters

Question 20

Where can we find the plasma membrane transporters

Answer 20

pre synaptic
post synaptic

GLial localisation

Question 21

What does citalopram do

Answer 21

it is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Question 22

what is citalopram used for

Answer 22

depressive illness

panic disorder

Question 23

what does dexamfetamine do

Answer 23

block monoamine transporters

it is part of the amphetamine family and leads to increased levels of central nervous system stimulation

Question 24

what is dexamfetamine indicated for

Answer 24

Narcolepsy

Refractory attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 25

what does riluzole do

Answer 25

reduces glutamate “excitotoxcity” via multiple interactions

Question 26

what is riluzole used for

Answer 26

extend life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

and if initiated by specialists can be used in the management of motor neurone disease