W6 - Pharmacology at a Glance Flashcards
What is pharmacology
The study of the effect of drugs on the function of living systems
What are the two parts of pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
What is Pharmacodynamics
The effects of the drug on the body
What is Pharmacokinetics
the effects of the body on the drug
What does pharmacokinetics cover
ADME
What does ADME stand for
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
What is a drug
a biologically active compound taken with the intent to produce a change in the body
What is a medicine
a chemical preparation which usuall contains one or more drugs administered with the purpose of producing a therapeutic effect
What is a medicine
A chemical preparation which usually contains one or more drugs administered with the purpose of producing a therapeutic effect.
What is the magic bullet theory
Therapy without toxicity due to selective toxicity even at high doses.
Who proposed the theory magic bullet
Dr Ehrlich
What is the receptor concept
Site of Major Drug action (drug bullets) e.g. neuromuscular junction
Who proposed the receptor concept
Dr Langley
What do drugs act through
receptors
What are the 2 problems associated with drug classes
Drugs cannot be classified according to a single system due to the needs of different professions such as
- Doctors
- Chemists
- Pharmacologists
Due to formulations varying for different drugs it is not practical to have them under one name.
What is the definition of a target
Molecular recognition site to which a drug will bind
What is the majority of known targets
most known targets are proteins which are commonly receptors however there are always exceptions
What are two conventional routes
analysis pathophysiology
analysis of mechanism of action of existing therapeutic drugs.
What is an example of a novel route
Trawl the genome
What are disease genes
genes mutations which can lead to the development of human disease
What are disease modifying genes
Genes whose altered expression may be involved in the development of the disease state
or
genes that encode functional proteins whose activity is altered in disease state
What is the formula for mass
Concentration x volume x formula weight
what is the unit of concentration
Mol/L
What is the unit of volume
L
what is the unit of formula weight
g/mol
What is a biological assay
a method measuring the effects of a biologically active substance
using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue
or cell model under controlled conditions.
What type of scales are used to generate a concentration response curve
Logarithmic scale
How is a concentration response curve often denoted
CRC
What is a logarithm?!
it is defined as the power to which a base 10 must be raised to produce a given number
What is the X axis of a CRC
Log [Compound] M
What is the y axis
Normalised response
what does a normalized response mean
if you have consistent data normalising it puts each value into a percentage with the highest being 100% and the lowest being 0%
why is it important that the data is consistent
if you have inconsistent data then that can lead to outliers meaning the 100% or 0% could be in an unappropriated range
What is homeopathy based on
Like cures like
The greater the dilution the more potent the medicine
Is homeopathy plausible?`
No, the second principle ignores what we understant of dilutions
What are the different stages of a clinical trial
Target discover Target Validation Screen Development Hit Discovery Lead development Candidate identification Drug Development
What is the human genome project
It was the international, collaborative research program whose goal was the complete mapping and understanding of all the genes of human beings
What was the role of the human genome project in identifying protein targets for drugs
The human genome project mapped the entirety of the human genome so we could tell what genes which were part of the protein targets were affected by disease or caused disease.
