Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Therapeutics > W24 Smoking > Flashcards

W24 Smoking Flashcards

1
Q

what is the problem with smoking

A

increases morbidity as well as mortality and increases the risk of

cancer
cardiovascular disease
respiratory disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 main causes of issues from a ciggarette

A

Tar
Carbon monoxide
Nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is tar

A

collective term for various particles suspended in cigarette smoke, these particles can cause cancer (carcinogens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does tar do

A

stick brown residue that can stain the lungs and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does tar do to the broncioles

A

narrows

increases secretion of mucous

decreased activity of cilia

development of cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is carbon monoxide and what effect does it have

A

odourless gas that takes the place of oxygen in the blood by binding to haemoglobin 200 x more effectively than oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe how carbon monoxide leads to increased risk of CVD

A

CO replaces O2 in RBC

increase production of RBC making blood thicker

less o2 distributed to cells around the body

heart works harder increasing BP and heart rate

increased risk of CVD as reduced exercise tolerance leading to fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what effect does nicotine have on the body

A

adversely affects every system in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does nicotine affect the brain

A

disrupts activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does nicotine affect the heart and arteries

A

raises blood pressure and heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does nicotine affect the eyes

A

reduces peripheral vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does nicotine affect the metabolism

A

increases calories burned but decreases endurance by wasting energy in the effort.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does nicotine affect the reproductive system

A

erectile dysfunction

fertility problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does nicotine affect the bones

A

osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does nicotine work

A

it disrupts normal neurotransmitter activity causing chemical changes and addiction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is addiction caused

A

activation of the reward pathway, administration leads to pleasure or elation giving positive reinforcement. Withdrawal symptoms occur when nicotine receptors are not activated

17
Q

describe the mechanism of nicotine dependance

A

smoking delivers nicotine

nicotine travels to the brain quickly

dopamine released leading to feeling of pleasure or calmness

eventually dopamine drops leading to withdrawal symptoms

desire for another cigarette

18
Q

what is second hand smoke

A

Second hand smoke (SHS) is the inhalation of other peoples smoke

19
Q

what is SHS also known as

A

Passive smoking
environmental tobacco smoke
involuntary smoking

20
Q

how does SHS affect adults

A

Lung cancer up by 24%
Heart disease up by 25%
Stroke

21
Q

how do polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cig smoke affect the metabolism

A

they increase the activity of several liver enyzmes, this induction results in faster clearance of medication from the body reducing serum drug levels and decreasing efficacy.

22
Q

what drugs are affected by the increase in activity of liver enzymes from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

A

theophylline
cinacalcet
ropinirole
antipsychotics

23
Q

what are some barriers to smoking cessation

A

nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms

denial of the pleasurable effects of smoking

lack of motivation

fear of failure

social and situational triggers

worries about weight gain

concerns about the use of nicotine replacement therapy

habit sometimes as hard as nicotine addiction

24
Q

Describe the effect of quiting smoking at different times

A

20 mins - BP and Pulse falls

8 Hours - Nicotine and CO levels in blood reduce by half o2 levels return to normal

24 hours - CO eliminated from the body, lungs start to clear mucus and smoking debris

48 hours - nicotine eliminated ability to taste and smell improved

72 hours - breathing easier, bronchial tubes begin to relax and energy levels increase

2 - 12 weeks - circulation improves

3 - 9 months - cough, wheezing and breathing problems improve as lung function increases by 10%

5 years - risk of heart attack falls to half relative to a smoke

10 years - risk of lung cancer falls to half that of smoker, risk of heart attack falls to same as someone who has never smoke

25
Q

what symptoms might someone experience in nicotine withdrawal

A

craving

increased appetite

dizziness

lack of concentration

decreased heart rate

cough

constipation

sleep disturbances

mood swings

anxiety

tingling sensation

26
Q

what two factors are integral into someone being able to quit smoking

A

how motivated they are

their level of nicotine dependance

27
Q

What opportunities are there to help someone quit smoking

A

NMS
MUR
Health Checks
Complaining of Cough
Customers looking at NRT products
Frequently running out of inhaler before next one due
Patients treated for recurrent chest infections
Patients enquiring NRT products
Purchase of smokers toothpaste or mouthwast

New years resolutions
beginning of lent
government advertising campaigns
other health campaigns such as stoptober
introductions of new smoking cessation products to the market
newspaper headlines or media reports on smoking or smoking related illnesses

28
Q

What is the role of the pharmacist in helping with smoking cessation

A

know the products available and who they are suitable for

use your communication skills to be confident, motivational and listen carefully to what your patient is saying

provide individualised care to those confronting adiction

provide information and support tools

remember your patients and their situations

come out of the dispensary and talk

prepare them for what is ahead

dont forget drug interactions

29
Q

how can we help council patients

A

express empathy

develop discrepancy

avoid argumentation

roll with resistance

support self efficacy

30
Q

what are the top 5 ds

A 
delay 
drink water
deep breathing
do something different
discuss the craving with another person
31
Q

what forms of nicotine replacement therapy exist

A 
sublingual tablets
lozenge
gum
nasal spray
patches
inhalator
quick mist mouth spray
32
Q

how does nicotine replacement therapy work

A

helps to relieve the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal allows the individual to gradually reduce the level of nicotine.

33
Q

what points should be brought up to a patient to help them pick a NRT

A

number of cigs per day
time to 1st cig
speed at which nicotine delivered from NRT
ease of use
importance of behavioural replacement ability to adjust and titrate the dose
local irritant effects

34
Q

how long should a NRT be used for

A

8-12 weeks for the best success of stopping smoking

Therapeutics (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions