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Therapeutics > W22 - Cough > Flashcards

W22 - Cough Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cough

A

reflex response to airway irritation, protective, removes foreign material and secretions from the bronchi and bronchioles

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2
Q

what is dry cough

A

usually felt in the throat as a tickle that sets off the coughing

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3
Q

how do we describe a productive

A

chesty cough usually produces phlegm.

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4
Q

how long does an acute cough last for

A

less than 3 weeks

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5
Q

what are the most common causes of an acute

A

Upper respiratory tract infections

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6
Q

What can acute cough be due to

A 
acute bronchitis 
pneumonia 
acute exarcerbations of asthma 
COPD
Bronchiectasis
foreign body aspiration
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7
Q

what is sub acute cough duration

A

3-8 weeks

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8
Q

what is causes after an obvious respiratory infection

A

persistant pneumonia
acute bronchitis
pertussis
other types of post infectious cough

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9
Q

Chronic Cough duration

A

more than 8 weeks

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10
Q

Chronic Cough causes

A

smoking or disease related

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

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11
Q

what are airway sensory nerves mainly carried by

A

vagus nerve where they terminate both in and under the airway epithelium

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12
Q

what fibres in the airway sensory nerves are though to control the cough

A

chemosensitive c fibres and mechanosensitive polymodal A delta fibres are thought to mediate cough

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13
Q

Cough reflex

A

Stim of mechano and chemo receptors

afferent impulses to cough centre

second order neurons relay message to a respiratory pattern generator

efferent motor neurons stimulation

Increased respiratory muscle contraction to the respiratory movement

cough

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14
Q

what is a acute, viral cough

A

almost invariably benign and self limiting

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15
Q

what is the most common for of cough management

A

home remedy e.g. honey and lemon

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16
Q

why should OTC treatment not be given to children under 6

A

side effects

allergies

sleep problems

hallucinations

17
Q

what treatments are available for cough treatments

A

antitussivies

sedative antihistamines

mucolytics

expectorants

18
Q

what can be done to reduce sensory reception activation

A

menthol vapour

topical anaesthetic

19
Q

what is peripherally acting

A

reduce sensitivity of peripheral sensory cough receptors in pharynx and larynx to irritation

20
Q

what can we use to reduce sensitivity

A

Dextromethorphan
Codeine
Pholcodine

21
Q

what is centrally acting

A

agonists of opiod and non opiod receptors, depress the cough centre in brain stem

22
Q

what is centrally acting drugs used to treat

A

dry cough

23
Q

what are peripherally acting drugs used to treat

A

production + non productive cough

24
Q

what cant be combined with mucolytics or expectorants

A

centrally acting drugs

25
Q

what is dextromethorphan

A

non sedating opiate

26
Q

what is codeine

A

an opioid analgesic that suppress cough through a direct effect on the cough centre in the medulla

27
Q

what class of drug is codein

A

Class B controlled drug

28
Q

what are the unwanted side effects of codeine

A

dependance
inhibition of ciliarly clearnace
constipation
drowsiness

29
Q

Diphenhydramine + chlorophenamine are examples of what

A

H1 antihistamines with sedative properties

30
Q

what are antihistmaines with sedative properties used to treat

A

treatment of nocturnal cough

31
Q

what are 3 examples of mucolytics

A

carbocisteine
mecysteine
N-acetylcysteine

32
Q

what is the effect of mucolytic

A

cleave disulphide bonds cross linking mucus glycoprotein to reduce viscosity of bronchial secretion

33
Q

what is the effect of expectorants

A

Reduce adhesiveness and surface tension of mucus

promote expulsion of mucus by encouraging productive cough and bronchial secretion

34
Q

what management advise can be giving to a patient

A

avoid lying on back

take honey

consider OTC

35
Q

what considerations should be made before giving a drug

A

risks of constipation

avoid cough suppressants in chronic bronchitis + bronchiectasis (sputum retention)

Therapeutics (50 decks)

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