W24 Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Question 1

In men what % mortality is related to heart and circulatory diseases

Answer 1

28.4%

Question 2

In woman what % mortality is related to heart and circulatory diseases

Answer 2

26.7%

Question 3

In men over 75 what % mortality is related to heart and circulatory diseases

Answer 3

24.5%

Question 4

In woman over 75 what % mortality is related to heart and circulatory diseases

Answer 4

17.2%

Question 5

what are the risk factors modifiable

Answer 5

hyper tension
physical inactivity
smoking 
diet and weight 
diabetes 
cholesterol 
stress

Question 6

what are the risk factors non modifiable

Answer 6

age / sex

family history

race / ethnic background

Question 7

What preventions exist for managing cardiovascular disease

Answer 7

regular exercise

well balanced diet

other lifestyle choices

Question 8

What risk assessment for CV diseases exists

Answer 8

CG181, 1 recommendations | Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification | Guidance | NICE.

Question 9

when should CG181 be assessed

Answer 9

reviewed on an ongoing basis after age 40

Question 10

what should be done if estimate a 10 year risk factor

Answer 10

> 10% full formal risk assessment should be considered

Question 11

what is coronary heart disease

Answer 11

disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle

Question 12

what is cerebrovascular disease

Answer 12

disease of blood vessels supplying the brain

Question 13

what is peripheral arterial disease

Answer 13

disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs

Question 14

what is rheumatic heart disease

Answer 14

damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria

Question 15

what is cogenital heart disease

Answer 15

malformations of heart structure existing at birth

Question 16

what is deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Answer 16

blood clots in the leg veins, which can dislodge and move to the heart and lungs.

Question 17

what are the causes of secondary hypertension

Answer 17

adrenal gland disorders

kidney diseases

drugs

pregnancy

Question 18

what is involved in the regulation of blood pressure

Answer 18

blood volume 
blood viscosity
cardiac output 
total peripheral resistance 
BP = CO X TPR

Question 19

What occurs in the resistance vessels

Answer 19

consists of small arteries and arterioles, largest pressure drop occurs here. Thus contractile state of these arteries has a massive impact on blood pressure

Question 20

how does the body maintain a “normal” blood pressure in response to rising bp

Answer 20

on an increase the arterial blood pressure rises above normal range

baroreceptors in carotid sinuses and aortic arch stimulated

inhibits vasomotor centre

impulse travels along afferent nerves from baroreceptors to stim the cardio inhibitory centre

sympathetic impulses to heart decrease the heart rate and contractility

while rate of vasomotor impulses allows vasodilation leading to a widening vessel diameter

lowering of CO and R to return blood pressure to homeostatic range

Question 21

how does the body maintain a “normal” blood pressure in response to lowering bp

Answer 21

on an decrease the arterial blood pressure drops below the normal range

impulses from baroreceptors stimulate cardio acceleratory center

baroreceptors in carotid sinuses and aortic arch inhibited

stimulate vasomotor centre

leads to increase in sympathetic impulses to heart leading to increase in heart rate + contractility

vasomotor fibres stim vasoconstriction

as a result peripheral resistance increase and CO and R return blood pressure to nomral homeostatic range