W2 :

Question 1

Pilocarpine

Answer 1

direct acing cholinergic agonist

tx of GLAUCOMA

Question 2

Edrophonium

Answer 2

indirect acting cholinergic agonists (anticholinesterases)
Reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase enzyme

tx of Myasthenia Gravis (in which autoimmune destroys acetylcholine receptors in neuromuscular junction)

Question 3

Donezepil

Answer 3

indirect acting cholinergic agonists (anticholinesterases)
reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase enzyme

tx Alzheimer’s disease (in which there is def of cholinergic neurons. Donezepil prolongs the ax of acetylcholine thereby reduce the rate of loss of cognitive fx of Alzheimer’s disease)

Question 4

Pralidoxime and Atropine

Answer 4

tx Poisoning w drugs that have irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase enzymes

Question 5

Atropine

Answer 5

Cholinergic Antagonists
Muscarinic Antagonists

tx. pre-anesthetic to prevent respiratory secretions, ts of PARKINSONISM, severe bradycardia, enuresis

Question 6

Scopolamine

Answer 6

Cholinergic Antagonists
Muscarinic Antagonists

tx. motion sickness

Question 7

Ipratropium

Answer 7

Cholinergic Antagonists
Muscarinic Antagonists

tx COPD to produce bronchiodilation

Question 8

Trihexyphenidyl

Answer 8

Cholinergic Antagonists
Muscarinic Antagonists

tx Parkinsonism
(caused by low dopamine, and high acetylcholine)

Question 9

Succinylcholine

Answer 9

Cholinergic Antagonists
Neuromuscular Blocker

Ideal for intubation because of rapid onset and short duration.
Adjunct to anesthesia. Only depolarizing agent.

Question 10

what are neuromuscular blockers?

Answer 10

there drugs block the effects of acetylcholine by integrating w nicotine receptors at neuromuscular junction. thus they produce skeletal muscle relaxation. they are clinically useful during surgery for producing complete muscle relaxation.

(2) types
1. deplorizing blockers - bind to receptors and opens ion channels, resulting in depolarization of the end plate. unlike acetylcholine, they remain attached to the receptors for a longer time and provide constant stimulation thereby making the receptors incapable of transmitting further impulses. ie. succinylcholine
2. nondepolarizing / competitive blockers - bind to receptors, but does not open ion channels.

Question 11

what are ganglion blockers?

Answer 11

these drugs block the action of acetylcholine at the nicotinic receptors of all autonomic ganglia of both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems thereby blocking the entire output of autonomic nervous system. these drugs are very rarely used clinically.