Drugs_cardiovascular system

Question 0

ACE inhibitor u/e

ie. Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec)

Answer 0

DRY, IRRITATING COUGH
h/a, dizziness, abdominal pain, confusion, renal failure, and impotence

can also be used for hypertention

Question 1

Captopril (Capoten)

Answer 1

cardio drug
ACE (angiotension-converting enzyme) inhibitor
Potent vasoconstrictor
infrequently causes agranulocytosis or neutropenia

Question 2

Losartan (Cozaar)

Answer 2

cardio drug
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
It doesn’t produce cough.
Also used in the tx of hypertension.

Question 3

Minoxidil (Loniten)

Answer 3

cardio drug
Direct vasodilator
*also used tx of hypertension

Question 4

u/e Minoxidil (Loniten)

Answer 4

Unwanted hair growth

Also topical tx of male pattern baldness

Question 5

Chlorthiazide (Diuril)

Answer 5

Thiazide Diuretic
thick ASCENDING LOOP and EARLY DISTAL TUBULE
stop reabsorption of sodium and chloride

Question 6

u/e Chlorthiazide (Diuril)

Answer 6

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

Question 7

Furosemide (Lasix)

Answer 7

diuretic; loop diuretic
LOOP OF HENLE
pulmonary edema

Question 8

Ethacrynic acid (Ethacrynate)

Answer 8

diuretic; loop diuretic
ASCENDING LOOP OF HENLE
pulmonary edema
Most ototoxic

Question 9

u/e loop diuretics

ie. Furosemide (Lasix), Ethacrynic acid (Ethacrynate)

Answer 9

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, ototoxicity

Question 10

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Answer 10

Potassium sparing diuretics
DISTAL TUBULE
combination w other diuretics to help maintaining the potassium balance

Question 11

u/e Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Answer 11

Hyperkalemia

Question 12

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Answer 12

cardiac drug: Cardiac Glycosides

Na-K-ATPase inhibitor

Question 13

u/e Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Answer 13

low therapeutic index, arrhythmias, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, fatigue, visual disturbance

Question 14

Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

Answer 14

Cardio drug
Sympathomimetics
Beta-1 agonist

Question 15

Dopamine

Answer 15

cardio drug
Sympathomimetics
patients w imparied renal fx._may preserve renal blood flow, as a result, renal fx.

Question 16

Nitroglycerine

Answer 16

Antianginal drug; organic nitrates
all forms of angina; acute coronary spasm
sublingually for rapid onset of action (2min)
transdermally for longer duration of action

Question 17

u/e Antianginal drugs_organic nitrates

Answer 17

h/a, hypotention

*with sildenafil (viagra), hypotention

Question 18

u/e Antianginal drugs_beta-blockers

Answer 18

do not discontinue abruptly to avoid rebound angina or hypotension.
NO patients with asthma, diabetes, severe bradycardia, peripheral vascular disease or COPD

Question 19

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Answer 19

Antianginal drugs_calcium channel blockers

Dilate arteries

Question 20

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

Answer 20

antianginal drug: calcium channel blocker

dilate smooth muscle cells of the arteries

Question 21

u/e Antianginal drugs_Calcium channel blockers

ie. Diltiasem, Amlodipine

Answer 21

headache, dizziness, hypotention etc.

Question 22

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Answer 22

Antihypertensive drugs: beta blocker

Beta-1 antagonist that decrease HT rate and cardiac output

Question 23

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

Answer 23

antihypertensive drug: beta blocker

beta-1 antagonist that decrease HT rate and cardiac output

Question 24

u/e antihypertensive drugs_beta blockers | ie. atenolol, metoprolol

Answer 24

may not be effective in lowering BP in african american patients. nonselective at high doses and can inhibit beta 2 receptors.

Question 25

antihypertensive ACE inhibitors

Answer 25

increase rennin levels | useful in tx. diabetes with hypertension

Question 26

antihypertensive_calcium channel blockers

Answer 26

good for african american hypertensives

Question 27

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

Answer 27

antihypertensive_central acting adrenergic drug reduce central sympathetic outflow with no direct effect on KDs. useful for patients with renal disease and hypertensive pregnant women

Question 28

Minoxidil (Loniten)

Answer 28

antihypertensive_direct vasodilator directly relax arterioles also marketed for topical tx of male pattern baldness

Question 29

u/e Minoxidil (Loniten)

Answer 29

unwanted hair growth

Question 30

Sodium nitroprusside

Answer 30

antihypertensive_crisis & emergency given IV; prompt vasodilation reduce BP in all patients regardless of the cause of hypertension

Question 31

u/e Sodium nitroprusside

Answer 31

poisonous if given orally because of its hydrolysis to cyanide ANTIDOTE: sodium thiosulfate

Question 32

Procainamide (Pronestyl)

Answer 32

Antiarrhythmic drug Class 1a Na channel blocker atrial and ventricular arrhythmia (ALL purpose antiarrhythmics)

Question 33

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Answer 33

``` Antiarrhythmic drug Class 1b Na channel blocker ventricular arrhythmia (vent. tachycardia, vent. fibrillation, vent. ectopy) ```

Question 34

Propranolol (Inderal)

Answer 34

Antiarrhythmic drug Class 2 Beta-adrenoceptor blocker slow down SA and AV node conduction, increase the refractory period. most commonly used to treat arrhythmia patients.

Question 35

Amiodarone

Answer 35

Antiarrhythmic drug Class 3 K channel blocker prolong repolorization effective in tx and prevention of vent. fibrillation and vent. tachycardia

Question 36

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Answer 36

Antiarrhythmic drug Class 5 unclassified control vent. rate in atrial fibrillation or flutter

Question 37

Adenosine (Adenocard)

Answer 37

Antiarrhythmic drug Class 5 Unclassified drug of choice for tx. paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Question 38

Aspirin

Answer 38

Antiplatelet drug inhibit thromboxane A2 synthesis in platelets, thus prolongs bleeding time. reduces the risk of MI and stroke

Question 39

Clopidegrol (Plavix)

Answer 39

Antiplatelet drug inhibit the binding of ADP to its receptor on platelets and inhibit the activation of GP IIb/IIIa receptors required for platelets to bind to fibrinogen thus it blocks platelet aggregation

Question 40

Abciximab (Reopro)

Answer 40

Antiplatelet drug Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor antagonist blocking the binding of fibrinogen to the flycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor on the surface of the platelet

Question 41

Heparin

Answer 41

Anticoagulant

Question 42

Protamine

Answer 42

Heparin antidote

Question 43

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

Answer 43

Anticoagulant drug

Question 44

u/e Anticoagulants | ie. Haparin, Enoxaparin

Answer 44

Hemorrhage

Question 45

Warferin (Coumadin)

Answer 45

Oral Anticoagulant interfere vit K dependent clotting factor (II, VII, IX, X) synthesis *should avoid cranberry juice

Question 46

Warferin antidote

Answer 46

Vitamin K

Question 47

Argatroban

Answer 47

Anticoagulant_Thrombin inhibitor

Question 48

Streptokinase

Answer 48

Thrombolytic drug | not much used

Question 49

Tissue Plasminogen activator (t-PA)

Answer 49

Thrombolytic drug

Question 50

Aminocaproic acid

Answer 50

Drugs used to treat bleeding | inhibits plasminogen activation

Question 51

Vitamin K

Answer 51

Drug used to treat bleeding | Can overcome the anticoagulant effects of oral agents

Question 52

Erythropoietin

Answer 52

Tx anemia; end stage renal failure | Stimulates erythropoiesis

Question 53

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)

Answer 53

Tx anemia; megaloblastic anemia

Question 54

Epoetin alpha, darbepoetin alpha

Answer 54

Tx anemia; anemia cause by end-stage renal disease

Question 55

Simvastatin (Zocor)

Answer 55

``` Antihyperlipidemic drug HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor First choice for hypercholesterolemia decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG increase HDL ```

Question 56

Atrovastatin (Lipitor)

Answer 56

``` Antihyperlipidemic drug HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor First choice for hypercholesterolemia decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG increase HDL *most potent ```

Question 57

Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Answer 57

``` Antihyperlipidemic drug HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor First choice for hypercholesterolemia decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG increase HDL *most potent ```

Question 58

u/e simvastatin, atrovastatin, rosuvastatin

Answer 58

LV fx abnormalities, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis (disintegration of muscles) *NO grapefruit juice

Question 59

Gemfibrozil (lopid)

Answer 59

Antihyperlipidemic drug Fibrate inhibit VLDL synthesis, reduce TG level

Question 60

Niacin (Nicobid)

Answer 60

Antihyperlipidemic drug Strongly inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue decrease cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL increase HDL

Question 61

u/e Niacin (Nicobid)

Answer 61

flush and pruritus

Question 62

Cholestyramine (Questran)

Answer 62

Antihyperlipidemic drug Bile acid sequestrants decrease cholesterol and LDL increase TG, HDL

Question 63

Ezetimibe (Zetia)

Answer 63

Antihyperlipidemic drug Cholesterol absorption inhibitor decrease LDL, TG increase HDL