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T7. Pharmacology > Drugs_cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Drugs_cardiovascular system Flashcards

0
Q

ACE inhibitor u/e

ie. Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec)

A

DRY, IRRITATING COUGH
h/a, dizziness, abdominal pain, confusion, renal failure, and impotence

can also be used for hypertention

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1
Q

Captopril (Capoten)

A

cardio drug
ACE (angiotension-converting enzyme) inhibitor
Potent vasoconstrictor
infrequently causes agranulocytosis or neutropenia

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2
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

cardio drug
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
It doesn’t produce cough.
Also used in the tx of hypertension.

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3
Q

Minoxidil (Loniten)

A

cardio drug
Direct vasodilator
*also used tx of hypertension

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4
Q

u/e Minoxidil (Loniten)

A

Unwanted hair growth

Also topical tx of male pattern baldness

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5
Q

Chlorthiazide (Diuril)

A

Thiazide Diuretic
thick ASCENDING LOOP and EARLY DISTAL TUBULE
stop reabsorption of sodium and chloride

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6
Q

u/e Chlorthiazide (Diuril)

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

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7
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

diuretic; loop diuretic
LOOP OF HENLE
pulmonary edema

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8
Q

Ethacrynic acid (Ethacrynate)

A

diuretic; loop diuretic
ASCENDING LOOP OF HENLE
pulmonary edema
Most ototoxic

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9
Q

u/e loop diuretics

ie. Furosemide (Lasix), Ethacrynic acid (Ethacrynate)

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, ototoxicity

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10
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

Potassium sparing diuretics
DISTAL TUBULE
combination w other diuretics to help maintaining the potassium balance

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11
Q

u/e Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

Hyperkalemia

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12
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

cardiac drug: Cardiac Glycosides

Na-K-ATPase inhibitor

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13
Q

u/e Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

low therapeutic index, arrhythmias, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, fatigue, visual disturbance

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14
Q

Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

A

Cardio drug
Sympathomimetics
Beta-1 agonist

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15
Q

Dopamine

A

cardio drug
Sympathomimetics
patients w imparied renal fx._may preserve renal blood flow, as a result, renal fx.

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16
Q

Nitroglycerine

A

Antianginal drug; organic nitrates
all forms of angina; acute coronary spasm
sublingually for rapid onset of action (2min)
transdermally for longer duration of action

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17
Q

u/e Antianginal drugs_organic nitrates

A

h/a, hypotention

*with sildenafil (viagra), hypotention

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18
Q

u/e Antianginal drugs_beta-blockers

A

do not discontinue abruptly to avoid rebound angina or hypotension.
NO patients with asthma, diabetes, severe bradycardia, peripheral vascular disease or COPD

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19
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

A

Antianginal drugs_calcium channel blockers

Dilate arteries

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20
Q

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

A

antianginal drug: calcium channel blocker

dilate smooth muscle cells of the arteries

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21
Q

u/e Antianginal drugs_Calcium channel blockers

ie. Diltiasem, Amlodipine

A

headache, dizziness, hypotention etc.

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22
Q

Atenolol (Tenormin)

A

Antihypertensive drugs: beta blocker

Beta-1 antagonist that decrease HT rate and cardiac output

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23
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

antihypertensive drug: beta blocker

beta-1 antagonist that decrease HT rate and cardiac output

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24
Q

u/e antihypertensive drugs_beta blockers

ie. atenolol, metoprolol

A

may not be effective in lowering BP in african american patients.
nonselective at high doses and can inhibit beta 2 receptors.

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25
Q

antihypertensive ACE inhibitors

A

increase rennin levels

useful in tx. diabetes with hypertension

26
Q

antihypertensive_calcium channel blockers

A

good for african american hypertensives

27
Q

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

A

antihypertensive_central acting adrenergic drug
reduce central sympathetic outflow with no direct effect on KDs.
useful for patients with renal disease and hypertensive pregnant women

28
Q

Minoxidil (Loniten)

A

antihypertensive_direct vasodilator
directly relax arterioles
also marketed for topical tx of male pattern baldness

29
Q

u/e Minoxidil (Loniten)

A

unwanted hair growth

30
Q

Sodium nitroprusside

A

antihypertensive_crisis & emergency
given IV; prompt vasodilation
reduce BP in all patients regardless of the cause of hypertension

31
Q

u/e Sodium nitroprusside

A

poisonous if given orally because of its hydrolysis to cyanide
ANTIDOTE: sodium thiosulfate

32
Q

Procainamide (Pronestyl)

A

Antiarrhythmic drug
Class 1a Na channel blocker
atrial and ventricular arrhythmia (ALL purpose antiarrhythmics)

33
Q

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A 
Antiarrhythmic drug
Class 1b Na channel blocker
ventricular arrhythmia (vent. tachycardia, vent. fibrillation, vent. ectopy)
34
Q

Propranolol (Inderal)

A

Antiarrhythmic drug
Class 2 Beta-adrenoceptor blocker
slow down SA and AV node conduction, increase the refractory period.
most commonly used to treat arrhythmia patients.

35
Q

Amiodarone

A

Antiarrhythmic drug
Class 3 K channel blocker
prolong repolorization
effective in tx and prevention of vent. fibrillation and vent. tachycardia

36
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

Antiarrhythmic drug
Class 5 unclassified
control vent. rate in atrial fibrillation or flutter

37
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard)

A

Antiarrhythmic drug
Class 5 Unclassified
drug of choice for tx. paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

38
Q

Aspirin

A

Antiplatelet drug
inhibit thromboxane A2 synthesis in platelets, thus prolongs bleeding time.
reduces the risk of MI and stroke

39
Q

Clopidegrol (Plavix)

A

Antiplatelet drug
inhibit the binding of ADP to its receptor on platelets and inhibit the activation of GP IIb/IIIa receptors required for platelets to bind to fibrinogen thus it blocks platelet aggregation

40
Q

Abciximab (Reopro)

A

Antiplatelet drug
Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor antagonist
blocking the binding of fibrinogen to the flycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor on the surface of the platelet

41
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant

42
Q

Protamine

A

Heparin antidote

43
Q

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

A

Anticoagulant drug

44
Q

u/e Anticoagulants

ie. Haparin, Enoxaparin

A

Hemorrhage

45
Q

Warferin (Coumadin)

A

Oral Anticoagulant
interfere vit K dependent clotting factor (II, VII, IX, X) synthesis
*should avoid cranberry juice

46
Q

Warferin antidote

A

Vitamin K

47
Q

Argatroban

A

Anticoagulant_Thrombin inhibitor

48
Q

Streptokinase

A

Thrombolytic drug

not much used

49
Q

Tissue Plasminogen activator (t-PA)

A

Thrombolytic drug

50
Q

Aminocaproic acid

A

Drugs used to treat bleeding

inhibits plasminogen activation

51
Q

Vitamin K

A

Drug used to treat bleeding

Can overcome the anticoagulant effects of oral agents

52
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Tx anemia; end stage renal failure

Stimulates erythropoiesis

53
Q

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)

A

Tx anemia; megaloblastic anemia

54
Q

Epoetin alpha, darbepoetin alpha

A

Tx anemia; anemia cause by end-stage renal disease

55
Q

Simvastatin (Zocor)

A 
Antihyperlipidemic drug
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
First choice for hypercholesterolemia
decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG
increase HDL
56
Q

Atrovastatin (Lipitor)

A 
Antihyperlipidemic drug
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
First choice for hypercholesterolemia
decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG
increase HDL
*most potent
57
Q

Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

A 
Antihyperlipidemic drug
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
First choice for hypercholesterolemia
decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG
increase HDL
*most potent
58
Q

u/e simvastatin, atrovastatin, rosuvastatin

A

LV fx abnormalities, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis (disintegration of muscles)
*NO grapefruit juice

59
Q

Gemfibrozil (lopid)

A

Antihyperlipidemic drug
Fibrate
inhibit VLDL synthesis, reduce TG level

60
Q

Niacin (Nicobid)

A

Antihyperlipidemic drug
Strongly inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue
decrease cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL
increase HDL

61
Q

u/e Niacin (Nicobid)

A

flush and pruritus

62
Q

Cholestyramine (Questran)

A

Antihyperlipidemic drug
Bile acid sequestrants
decrease cholesterol and LDL
increase TG, HDL

63
Q

Ezetimibe (Zetia)

A

Antihyperlipidemic drug
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor
decrease LDL, TG
increase HDL

T7. Pharmacology (16 decks)

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