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T7. Pharmacology > Drugs_antimicrobial > Flashcards

Drugs_antimicrobial Flashcards

0
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

Beta-Lactam antibiotics

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1
Q

Penicillins

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

Beta-Lactam antibiotics

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2
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

Beta-Lactamase inhibitor_open the ring

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3
Q

Benzathine Penicillin G

A

Antimicrobial_Natural Penicillin

Best choice for syphilis patients

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4
Q

Nafcillin

A

Antimicrobial_Penicillinase resistant penicillin

Reserved for penicillinase-producing Staph. aureus

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5
Q

Oxacillin

A

Antimicrobial_Penicillinase resistant penicillin

Reserved for penicillinase-producing Staph. aureus

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6
Q

Ampicillin

A

Antimicrobial_Extended spectrum penicillin (Penicillinase sensitive)
Drug of choice for Listeria monocytogens

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7
Q

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid

A

Antimicrobial_Penicillin combo

Clavulanic acid inhibits penicillinases

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8
Q

Piperacillin

A

Antimicrobial_Antipseudomonal penicillins
Effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Most potent of this group

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9
Q

Carbenicillin

A

Antimicrobial_Antipseudomonal penicillins

Effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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10
Q

u/e Penicillins

A

hypersensitivity reaction; can be fatal

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11
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st generation Cephalosporins

Narrow spectrum, sensitive to beta-lactamase

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12
Q

Cefoxitin

A

2nd generation Cephalosporins

broader gran negative activity

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13
Q

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A

3rd generation Cephalosporin
broad spectrum, resistant to most cephalosporinases
First line of drug tx Gonorrhea and meningitis in children because of its effectiveness against Hemophyllus influenza

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14
Q

Cefotaxime

A

3rd generation Cephalosporin

braod spectrum, resistant to most cephalosporinases

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15
Q

Cefapime

A

4th generation Cephalosporin

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16
Q

Vancomycin

A

drug of choice for tx MRSA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

Daptomycin

A

skin infections, bacteremia cause by Staph. aureus

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18
Q

Bacitracin

A

Combo w polymyxin or neomycin for topical use

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19
Q

Gentamycin

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of protein synthesis

Aminoglycoside that gain entry into the bacteria

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20
Q

Kanamycin

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis

Aminoglycosides gain entry into the bacteria

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21
Q

Neomycin

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis
Aminoglycosides
Used orally in hepatic coma to decrease the coliform flora, thus decreasing the production of ammonia.
Used topically for skin infections.

22
Q

Tetracycline

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis

Rickettsiae, chlamydia, mycoplasma, borrelia infections (Lyme)

23
Q

u/e Tetracycline

A

Staining of the teeth, retardation of bone growth, photosensitivity.
Not recommended for use in children or pregnant women and renal impairment.
Do not take with food or antacid

24
Q

Doxycycline

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis

Tetracycline; safe in renally impaired patient

25
Q

Erythromycin

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis
Macrolides
Pneumonia cuase by legionella and mycoplasma
Safe in pregnancy

26
Q

Azithromycin

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis
Macrolides
Pneumonia caused by legionella and mycoplasma
Safe in pregnancy

27
Q

u/e Aminoglycosides

ie. Gentamycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin

A

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neuromuscular toxicity
vertigo, loss of balance
small margin of safety

28
Q

u/e Tetracyclines

ie. tetracycline, doxycycline

A

staining of teeth, retardation of bone growth, photosensitivity
children or pregnant women, and renal impairment

29
Q

u/e Macrolides

ie. Erythromycin, Azithromycin

A

none listed

safe to use in pregnancy

30
Q

u/e Chloramphenicol

A

fatal bone marrow depression and aplastic anemia
gray baby syndrome in infants with abdominal distention, vomiting, cyanosis, hypothermia, decreased respiration and vasomotor collapse

31
Q

Clindamycin

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis

drug of choice for anaerobic GI infections

32
Q

u/e Clindamycin

A

Pseudomembranous colitis because C. deficile is resistant to it

33
Q

Linezolid

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis

MRSA, VRSA (gram-positive organisms), penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, etc.

34
Q

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis

tx of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium

35
Q

Silver sulfadiazine

A

Antimicrobial_folate antagonist

used topically on burn wounds

36
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole)

A

Antimicrobial_folate
most commonly used drug in folate group
UTI, pneumocystitis carinii penumonia

37
Q

Norfloxacin

A

Antimicrobial_fluroquinolones

common urogenital, respiratory, bone and joint infections, prostatitis, GI infections caused by gram negative organisms

38
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Antimicrobial_fluroquinolones
good oral drug for gonorrhea
same as norfloxacin (urogenital, respiratory, bone and joint infections, prostatitis and GI infections caused by gram negative organisms

39
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Antimicrobial_fluroquinolones
same as norfloxacin (urogenital, respiratory, bone and joint infections, prostatitis and GI infections caused by gram negative organisms

40
Q

Metronidazole

A

Antimicrobial_other
drug of choice- STD, amebiasis (Dysentery), Giardiasis (Dysentery), antibiotic associated enterocolitis (Pseudomembranous colitis) caused by Clostrudium deficille

41
Q

Isoniazid

A

TB drug
First-line drug- chemoprophylaxis
*needs to be taken with B6 to prevent complications like peripheral neuritis, numbness
Associated with hypatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy

42
Q

Rifampin

A

TB and Leprosy drug
First-line drug_potent inducer of the cytochrome P-450 enzymes
but u/e. hepatitis, color secretions red-orange, anxiety

43
Q

Ethambutol

A

TB drug

First-line drug but u/e. optic neuritis (vision problems)

44
Q

Dapsone

A

Leprosy drug

mainstay of the tx of leprosy

45
Q

Thalidomide

A

Teratogenic drug
Most effective for tx. erythema nodosum leprosum
(inflammatory reaction state associated with leprosy)

46
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Antifungal drug

serious yeast and fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients

47
Q

u/e Amphotericin B

A

nephrotoxicity

48
Q

Fluconazole

A

Antifungal ORAL drug

chronic candidiasis infections of the GI tract and oral cavity

49
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Antifungal ORAL drug

chronic candidiasis infections of the GI tract and oral cavity

50
Q

Nystatin

A

Antifungal ORAL drug
Cutaneous mycoses
Oral candidiasis

51
Q

Polymyxin B

A

Antifungal TOPICAL drug

cutaneous mycoses

52
Q

Miconazole

A

Antifungal TOPICAL drug

cutaneous mycoses

53
Q

Terbinafine

A

Antifungal TOPICAL drug
cutaneous mycoses
Superficial fungal infections; given PO

T7. Pharmacology (16 decks)

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