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T7. Pharmacology > Drugs_antimicrobial > Flashcards

Drugs_antimicrobial Flashcards

0
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

Beta-Lactam antibiotics

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1
Q

Penicillins

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

Beta-Lactam antibiotics

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2
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

Beta-Lactamase inhibitor_open the ring

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3
Q

Benzathine Penicillin G

A

Antimicrobial_Natural Penicillin

Best choice for syphilis patients

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4
Q

Nafcillin

A

Antimicrobial_Penicillinase resistant penicillin

Reserved for penicillinase-producing Staph. aureus

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5
Q

Oxacillin

A

Antimicrobial_Penicillinase resistant penicillin

Reserved for penicillinase-producing Staph. aureus

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6
Q

Ampicillin

A

Antimicrobial_Extended spectrum penicillin (Penicillinase sensitive)
Drug of choice for Listeria monocytogens

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7
Q

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid

A

Antimicrobial_Penicillin combo

Clavulanic acid inhibits penicillinases

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8
Q

Piperacillin

A

Antimicrobial_Antipseudomonal penicillins
Effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Most potent of this group

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9
Q

Carbenicillin

A

Antimicrobial_Antipseudomonal penicillins

Effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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10
Q

u/e Penicillins

A

hypersensitivity reaction; can be fatal

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11
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st generation Cephalosporins

Narrow spectrum, sensitive to beta-lactamase

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12
Q

Cefoxitin

A

2nd generation Cephalosporins

broader gran negative activity

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13
Q

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A

3rd generation Cephalosporin
broad spectrum, resistant to most cephalosporinases
First line of drug tx Gonorrhea and meningitis in children because of its effectiveness against Hemophyllus influenza

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14
Q

Cefotaxime

A

3rd generation Cephalosporin

braod spectrum, resistant to most cephalosporinases

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15
Q

Cefapime

A

4th generation Cephalosporin

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16
Q

Vancomycin

A

drug of choice for tx MRSA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

Daptomycin

A

skin infections, bacteremia cause by Staph. aureus

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18
Q

Bacitracin

A

Combo w polymyxin or neomycin for topical use

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19
Q

Gentamycin

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of protein synthesis

Aminoglycoside that gain entry into the bacteria

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20
Q

Kanamycin

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis

Aminoglycosides gain entry into the bacteria

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21
Q

Neomycin

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis
Aminoglycosides
Used orally in hepatic coma to decrease the coliform flora, thus decreasing the production of ammonia.
Used topically for skin infections.

22
Q

Tetracycline

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis

Rickettsiae, chlamydia, mycoplasma, borrelia infections (Lyme)

23
Q

u/e Tetracycline

A

Staining of the teeth, retardation of bone growth, photosensitivity.
Not recommended for use in children or pregnant women and renal impairment.
Do not take with food or antacid

24
Doxycycline
Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis | Tetracycline; safe in renally impaired patient
25
Erythromycin
Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis Macrolides Pneumonia cuase by legionella and mycoplasma Safe in pregnancy
26
Azithromycin
Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis Macrolides Pneumonia caused by legionella and mycoplasma Safe in pregnancy
27
u/e Aminoglycosides | ie. Gentamycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neuromuscular toxicity vertigo, loss of balance small margin of safety
28
u/e Tetracyclines | ie. tetracycline, doxycycline
staining of teeth, retardation of bone growth, photosensitivity children or pregnant women, and renal impairment
29
u/e Macrolides | ie. Erythromycin, Azithromycin
none listed | safe to use in pregnancy
30
u/e Chloramphenicol
fatal bone marrow depression and aplastic anemia gray baby syndrome in infants with abdominal distention, vomiting, cyanosis, hypothermia, decreased respiration and vasomotor collapse
31
Clindamycin
Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis | drug of choice for anaerobic GI infections
32
u/e Clindamycin
Pseudomembranous colitis because C. deficile is resistant to it
33
Linezolid
Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis | MRSA, VRSA (gram-positive organisms), penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, etc.
34
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis | tx of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
35
Silver sulfadiazine
Antimicrobial_folate antagonist | used topically on burn wounds
36
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole)
Antimicrobial_folate most commonly used drug in folate group UTI, pneumocystitis carinii penumonia
37
Norfloxacin
Antimicrobial_fluroquinolones | common urogenital, respiratory, bone and joint infections, prostatitis, GI infections caused by gram negative organisms
38
Ciprofloxacin
Antimicrobial_fluroquinolones good oral drug for gonorrhea same as norfloxacin (urogenital, respiratory, bone and joint infections, prostatitis and GI infections caused by gram negative organisms
39
Levofloxacin
Antimicrobial_fluroquinolones same as norfloxacin (urogenital, respiratory, bone and joint infections, prostatitis and GI infections caused by gram negative organisms
40
Metronidazole
Antimicrobial_other drug of choice- STD, amebiasis (Dysentery), Giardiasis (Dysentery), antibiotic associated enterocolitis (Pseudomembranous colitis) caused by Clostrudium deficille
41
Isoniazid
TB drug First-line drug- chemoprophylaxis *needs to be taken with B6 to prevent complications like peripheral neuritis, numbness Associated with hypatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy
42
Rifampin
TB and Leprosy drug First-line drug_potent inducer of the cytochrome P-450 enzymes but u/e. hepatitis, color secretions red-orange, anxiety
43
Ethambutol
TB drug | First-line drug but u/e. optic neuritis (vision problems)
44
Dapsone
Leprosy drug | mainstay of the tx of leprosy
45
Thalidomide
Teratogenic drug Most effective for tx. erythema nodosum leprosum (inflammatory reaction state associated with leprosy)
46
Amphotericin B
Antifungal drug | serious yeast and fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients
47
u/e Amphotericin B
nephrotoxicity
48
Fluconazole
Antifungal ORAL drug | chronic candidiasis infections of the GI tract and oral cavity
49
Ketoconazole
Antifungal ORAL drug | chronic candidiasis infections of the GI tract and oral cavity
50
Nystatin
Antifungal ORAL drug Cutaneous mycoses Oral candidiasis
51
Polymyxin B
Antifungal TOPICAL drug | cutaneous mycoses
52
Miconazole
Antifungal TOPICAL drug | cutaneous mycoses
53
Terbinafine
Antifungal TOPICAL drug cutaneous mycoses Superficial fungal infections; given PO

T7. Pharmacology (16 decks)

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