Vulva Flashcards
What is the common cyst that women can get in the vulva, where does it originate, and what epithelium?
Bartholin Cyst
Infection of the bartholin gland can lead to an abscess which can lead to a cyst.
Transitional or squamous epithelium
Two major causes of nonneoplastic leukoplakia?
Lichen sclerosis and squamous cell hyperplasia
Histo of lichen sclerosis, 3 things?
Thinning of the epidermis
Sclerosis of the superficial dermis
Inflammatory cells in the deeper dermis
2 things for the histo of squamous cell hyperplasia?
Thickening of epidermis
Hypekeratosis
What are the 4 types of HPV that are highest risk?
16,18, 31 and 45
What two proteins does HPV need to bind to host cells?
L1 and L2
What type of cells does the HPV infect?
Basal keratinocytes of the mucosal epithelium.
Explain how integration of the HPV genome determines what type of lesion will develop?
In benign warts, the genome is maintained in a non integrated form, while in cancer, the HPV genome is integrated.
Why isn’t the immune system aware of the the early stages of rapid cell division and replication?
The replication and division is happening above the basal layer and the infection does not trigger cell lysis, so very little interaction is goin on with the infection and immune system.
What is HPV E6 protein responsible for doing? 2 things.
Increase telomerase expression
Inhibit p53
What is HPV E7 responsible for doing, 3 things?
Inhibit p21
Increase CDK4/cyclin D
Inhibit RB
What exactly are condylomata acuminata and what causes them?
Benign genital warts
HPV type 6 and 11
How do they present and where?
Really anywhere
Can be solitary, but frequently multifocal
How do they look on histo and are they precancerous?
Papillary tree covered by thick squamous epithelium
No
What is the most common vulvar cancer and what are the two types and which type is more common?
Squamous cell carcinoma
HPV related and non HPV related (more common)
