VRG, DRG Flashcards
controls the diaphragm and external intercostals and is active with both quiet and forced breathing
DRG
works only with forced expiration including the internal
intercostals and accessory muscles.
VRG
inspiratory center controls the accessory muscles for
inspiration
VRG
neural center in the upper part of the pons that provides inhibitory impulses on inspiration and thereby prevents
overdistension of the lungs and helps to maintain alternately recurrent inspiration and expiration
Pneumotaxic center
The pneumotaxic center in the pons provides inhibition to the
apneustic center and promotes____&_____eexhalation
active and passive
Apneustic respiration (a.k.a. apneusis) is an abnormal pattern of
breathing characterized by
deep, gasping inspiration with a pause at
full inspiration followed by a brief, insufficient release
What is apneustic respiration caused by?
damage to the pons or upper medulla caused by strokes
or trauma.
- Specifically removal of input from the vagus nerve and
the pneumotaxic center causes this pattern of breathing
Apneutistic breathing can also be caused by drugs, such as
ketamine
What is the strongest stimulus for breathing?
-Increased concentration in CO2
What happens when CO2 is low
Brain decreases frequency and depth of breaths
Hypoxic drive is when peripheral
chemo recpetors are sensitive to the levels of oxygen in the body.
- This drive has a minor role in breathing
Respiratory system adapts to changing oxygen demands by varying
-The number of breaths per minute (respiratory rate)
-The volume of air moved per breath (tidal volume)
The number of breaths per minute is known as the
respiratory rate
The volume of air moved per breath is called the
tidal volume
Respiratory Minute Volume (VE)
- Amount of air moved per minute
-Is calculated by:
Respiratory rate x Tidal volume = VE
