The lungs continued

Question 1

What is compliance?

Answer 1

• Measure of the lung’s ability to stretch and expand. (distensibility of elastic tissue)
• An indicator of expadibility

Question 2

What is lung compliance defined as?

Answer 2

The volume change per unit of pressure across the lung, and is an important indicator of lung health and function

Question 3

Low compliance vs high compliance force

Answer 3

Low compliance requires greater force

High compliance requires less force

Question 4

What are the factor that affect compliance?

Answer 4

• Connective tissue structure of the lungs
• Level of surfactant production

-Mobility of the thoracic cage

Question 5

In the lungs, what would happen if compliance decreased?

Answer 5

The lung would not inflate as easily or more pressure would be required.
This is what happens with fibrotic lung diseases and ARDS

Question 6

Quite breathing is called_____. What does it involve?

Answer 6

• Eupnea
  -Active inhalation and passive exhalation

Question 7

Diaphragmatic breathing is_____. What is it dominated by?

Answer 7

-Deep breathing
-Dominated by diaphragm

Question 8

What is shallow breathing called? What is it dominated by?

Answer 8

• Costal breathing
  -Dominated by rib cage movements

Question 9

Forced breathing is called? What does it involve?

Answer 9

• Hyperpnea
• Involves active inhalation and exhalation
• Assisted by accessory muscles
• Maximum levels occur in exhaustion

Question 10

What are the most important muscles for the respiratory muscles?

Answer 10

• The diaphragm
  -External intercostal muscles of the ribs
• Accessory respiratory muscles
• Activated when respiration increases significantly

Question 11

Inhalation vs exhalation. Which one is active and which one is passive?

Answer 11

• Inhalation- Always active

Exhalation- active or passive

Question 12

What muscles are involved in Inhalation?

Answer 12

• Diaphragm

-External intercostal muscle

• Accessory muscles

Question 13

What is the role of the diaphragm (inhalation)

Answer 13

-Contraction draws air into lungs
- 75 percent of normal air movement

Question 14

Role of External intercostal muscles in inhalation

Answer 14

-Assist inhalation
- 25 percent of normal air movement

Question 15

Which accessory muscles assist in elevating ribs during inhalation?

Answer 15

-Sternocleidomastoid
-Serratus anterior
- Pectoralis minor
- Scalene muscles

Question 16

What are the muscles involved in exhalation and what are their roles?

Answer 16

Internal intercostal and transversus thoracis muscles
* Depress the ribs

Abdominal muscles
* Compress the abdomen
* Force diaphragm upward