ARDS continued

Question 1

In the fibrotic phase the
proliferation of the
fibroblasts can lead to an irreversible____. This is due to

Answer 1

lung fibrosis.
-This is due to collagen
deposition in the alveolar,
vascular and interstitial beds

Question 2

Clinical course depends on

Answer 2

• Nature of the initial injury
  -Preexisting conditions
  -Extent of pulmonary
  involvement
• Survivors can still be impaired
  one year after or beyond

Question 3

Judy worked as a chicken breeder for the past 30 years. She did not
smoke. She began to develop dyspnea, tachypnea and some peripheral
cyanosis. A medical follow up, including radiographs and biopsy
revealed an accumulation of inflammatory cells and lymphocytes.
What is your presumptive diagnosis?

Answer 3

A form of ARDS. There are over 100 distinct forms of Interstitial lung diseases which lead to damage of the respiratory portion of the lung. Clinical signs and symptoms may mimic COPD. Treatment consists of
removing the irritant and suppressing the inflammatory response

Question 4

Cystic fibrosis is inherited in an

Answer 4

autosomal recessive pattern. It has variable penetrance and
expressivity

Question 5

Cystic fibrosis is caused by

Answer 5

y mutations in a gene called
the cystic fibrosis transmembrane
conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The
CFTR gene provides instructions for the
CFTR protein

Question 6

What is cystic fibrosis

Answer 6

a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs,
but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine.

Question 7

What are the long term effects of cystic fibrosis

Answer 7

difficulty breathing and coughing up mucus
as a result of frequent lung infections.

Question 8

Respiratory symptoms of cystic fibrosis can include

Answer 8

persistent
cough, shortness of breath, and coughing up thick mucu

Question 9

True or false: People with cystic fibrosis (CF) are born with the disease, but signs
and symptoms may not develop until later in life

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is pneumonia

Answer 10

An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both
lungs.

Question 11

What happens when a patient has pneumonia

Answer 11

the alveoli are filled with pus and
fluid, which makes breathing painful and limits oxygen intake.

The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing
cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.

Question 12

What causes pneumonia

Answer 12

A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can
cause pneumonia

Question 13

Bacterial vs viral pneuomia

Answer 13

Bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotic therapy, while viral
pneumonia will usually get better on its own.
- In some cases, viral pneumonia can lead to a secondary bacterial
pneumonia

Question 14

The long-term effects associated with early
childhood pneumonia include restrictive or obstructive l

Answer 14

lung function
deficits and an increased risk of adult asthma, non-smoking related
COPD, and bronchiectasis

Question 15

What is TB

Answer 15

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.  The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other
parts of the body

Question 16

How does TB spread

Answer 16

through the air when a person with TB of the lungs or
throat coughs, sneezes, or talks

Question 17

Pulmonary embolism is a condition

Answer 17

in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

Question 18

Joe is suffering from a large pulmonary embolus which is partially
blocking the circulation to his lungs by 50%. His ventilation is normal.
What will happen to his ventilation/perfusion ratio

Answer 18

4200/2500 =1.68, it will increase reflecting the decreased circulation.
 The dead space of the lung is increased

Question 19

Pulmonary embolism=

Answer 19

lack of blood flow.. Symptoms include shortness of breathe. Caused by blood clots