COPD

Question 1

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic
inflammatory lung disease that causes

Answer 1

that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs.

Question 2

What are the symptoms to COPD?

Answer 2

Breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum)
production and wheezing.

Question 3

What is COPD caused by

Answer 3

long-term exposure to irritating gases or
particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke

Question 4

Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale: Chronic hypercapnia
and respiratory acidosis lead to

Answer 4

arterial vasoconstriction in the lungs

Question 5

Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale: Chronic hypercapnia
and respiratory acidosis

Answer 5

lead to arterial vasoconstriction in the lungs

Question 6

Right sided heart failure occurs when low oxygen levels due to

Answer 6

-COPD cause a rise in blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, a condition known as pulmonary hypertension

Question 7

Pulmonary hypertension

Answer 7

This increase in pressure places excess strain on the heart’s
right ventricle as it works to pump blood through the lungs

Question 8

In areas with low oxygen, a process called_____is triggered

Answer 8

hypoxic
pulmonary vasoconstriction

Question 9

hypoxic
pulmonary vasoconstriction auses

Answer 9

blood vessels to narrow, restricting blood flow and
encouraging it to go through the blood vessels in the oxygen-rich areas
of the lungs

Question 10

 Adam was a pack a day smoker for 30 years. He became gradually
more fatigued with exertion and could no longer lie flat on the bed.
His physical exam revealed a quiet chest, depressed diaphragm. He
also notice that he was speaking in short sentences.
 What is his presumptive diagnosis

Answer 10

Emphysema

Question 11

What is ARDS

Answer 11

Acute
Respiratory
Distress
Syndrome
(ARDS

Question 12

Ards is seen in cases of

Answer 12

 Sepsis
 Toxic Inhalation
 Aspiration
 Pneumonia
 Premature birth
 COVI

Question 13

 Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease marked by

Answer 13

scarring in the lungs. It
is often a result of ARDS.
- Tissue deep in the lungs becomes thick, stif

Question 14

ARDS develops in three
phases, the extent of each
determines the patient’s long-term prognosis.
These phases are the

Answer 14

exudative, proliferative and
fibrotic phase

Question 15

The exudative phase of ARDS causes damage to which cells?

Answer 15

type I
epithelial and capillary
endothelial cells

Question 16

The scarring is called fibrosis. As the lung tissue becomes scarred,
it interferes with a

Answer 16

person’s ability to breathe

Question 17

Leakage of water, protein,
cellular debris and
inflammatory products
lead to the development of

Answer 17

hyaline membranes

Question 18

Disruption of the surfactant
system leads to

Answer 18

atelectasis

Question 19

Atelectasis causes patients to experience

Answer 19

increasing
dyspnea, decreased oxygen
saturation, tachycardia and
confusion