Diseases of the lung Flashcards
The respiratory system consists of 2 divisions. What are they?
Conducting system
Exchange surface
What are the steps starting from the Trachea to the alveoli
Trachea—-> Primary bronchi—->smaller bronchi—-> Bronchioles—-> Alveoli
Function of the conducting system?
serves to conduct, clean, warm, and moisten the air
The conducting system includes the trachea to the
Bronchioles
The alveoli is found at the
exchange surface
The exchange surface function
Carries out the diffusion of gases between alveoli and capillaries
What is the primary role of the alveoli>
The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
The alveoli are covered by 2 types of epithelium. What are they and what cells are on them?
Type 1 epithelial cell- classified as a simple squamous epithelium
Type 2- simple cuboidal epithelium
Type 1 epithelial cells are designed for ____. What is interesting about them?
diffusion.
Covers 90-95% of the alveolar surface
Amitotic and is susceptible to toxic insults
What is the function of the type 2 epithelial cell?
-It is a secretory cell, and its primary product is SURFACTANT
-capable of mitosis and can transform to type 1 cell’
-occupies 5% of thesurface
Why is SURFACTANT so important?
Prevents movement of fluid into the alveolus and keeps lungs dry
- Breaks up surface tension
- Increases compliance
- Acts as an anti-glue
-Stimulate lung defense system
What is the function of the lung host defense system from the surfactant?
- Immunosuppresses
-Act as chemotactic agent
-opposed bacteria
-enhances mucous clearance -
What are the four types of cells found in the alveoli?
Type I cell, Type II cell, Alveolar macrophage and the endothelial cell
