Vocabulary: Menstrual cycle & Reproductive system concerns

Question 1

The first menstruation

Answer 1

Menarche

Question 2

Transitional stage between childhood and sexual maturity

Answer 2

Puberty

Question 3

Transitional phase during which ovarian function and hormone production decline

Answer 3

Climacteric

Question 4

The last menstrual period dated with certainty once 1 year has passed after menstruation ceases

Answer 4

Menopause

Question 5

Period preceding the last menstrual period that lasts about 4 years; during this time ovarian function declines, ova diminish, more menstrual cycles become anovulatory, and irregular bleeding occurs

Answer 5

Perimenopause

Question 6

Periodic uterine bleeding that begins approximately 14 days after ovulation and lasts an average of 5 days

Answer 6

Menstruation

Question 7

The cycle that involves cyclic changes in the lining of the uterus

Answer 7

Endometrial cycle

Question 8

Phase of the menstrual cycle during which the uterine lining grows rapidly and thickens from about the 5th day to the time of ovulation

Answer 8

Proliferative phase

Question 9

Phase of the menstrual cycle during which the uterine lining becomes luxuriant with blood and glandular secretions suitable to protect and nurture a fertilized ovum

Answer 9

Secretory phase

Question 10

Phase during which the blood supply to the functional uterine lining is blocked and necrosis develops; the functional layer separates from the basal layer and menstrual bleeding begins

Answer 10

Ischemic phase

Question 11

Cycle that involves secretion of hormones required to stimulate ovulation

Answer 11

Hypothalamic-pituitary cycle

Question 12

Cycle that involves the changes in the ovary, leading to ovulation. It consists of 2 phases: Follicular and luteal

Answer 12

Ovarian cycle

Question 13

Structure that encloses the developing ovum; it ruptures at the time of ovulation, releasing the ovum

Answer 13

Graafian follicle

Question 14

Hormone secrete by the hypothalamus when ovarian hormones are reduced to a low level. It stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete 2 critical hormones

Answer 14

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 15

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary

Answer 15

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 16

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the expulsion of the ovum from the graafian follicle and formation of the corpus luteum

Answer 16

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 17

Ovarian hormone that stimulates the thickening of the endometrium that occurs after menstruation and prior to ovulation; it is also responsible for changes in the cervix and cervical mucus

Answer 17

Estrogen

Question 18

Stretchable quality of the cervial mucus at the time of ovulation

Answer 18

Spinnbarkeit

Question 19

Ovarian hormone that is responsible for the changes in the endometrium that occur after ovulation to facilitate implantation should fertilization occur; it is also responsible for the rise in temp that occurs after ovulation

Answer 19

Progesterone

Question 20

Oxygenated fatty acids classifies as hormones. They are thought to play an essential role in ovulation, transport of sperm, regression of the corpus lute, and menstruation. By increasing the myometrial response to oxytocin, they also play a role in labor and dysmenorrhea

Answer 20

Prostaglandins

Question 21

Absence of menstrual flow; clinical symptom of a variety of disorders but most commonly a result of pregnancy and is a classic sign of anorexia nervosa

Answer 21

Ammenorrhea

Question 22

Absence of menstrual flow r/t problem of the central hypothalamic pituitary axis

Answer 22

Hypogonadortopic ammenorrhea

Question 23

Interrelatedness of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and altered bone mineral density

Answer 23

Female athlete triad

Question 24

Collective term used to describe pain and discomfort associated with the menstrual cycle. The 3 main conditions are dysmenorrhea, PMS, and PMDD

Answer 24

Cyclin Premature pain and discomfort

Question 25

Pain that occurs during or shortly before menstruation; one of the most common gynecologic problems in women of all ages

Answer 25

Dysmenorrhea

Question 26

Painful menstruation that occurs as a result of increased uterine activity due to myometrial contractions induced by excessive release of prostaglandins in the second half of the menstrual cycle; it is associated with ovulatory cycles

Answer 26

Primary dysmenorrhea

Question 27

Acquired menstrual pain that typically develops after age 25 years and is associated with pelvic pathology

Answer 27

Secondary dysmenorrhea

Question 28

A cluster of physical and psychologic symptoms beginning in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and followed by a symptom free period

Answer 28

Premenstrual syndrome

Question 29

A move severe variant of PMS with an emphasis on symptoms associated with mood disturbances, such as marked irritability, dysphoria, mood lability, anxiety, fatigue, appetite changes, and a sense of feeling overwhelmed

Answer 29

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 30

Menstrual disorder characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus

Answer 30

Endometriosis

Question 31

Infrequent menstrual periods characterized by intervals of 40-45 days or longer

Answer 31

Oligomenorrhea

Question 32

Scanty bleeding at normal intervals

Answer 32

Hypomenorrhea

Question 33

Any episode of bleeding that occurs at a time other than the normal menses

Answer 33

Metorrhagia or intermenstrual bleeding

Question 34

Small amount of bleeding or spotting that occurs at the time of ovulation (14 days before onset of the next menses); it is considered to be normal

Answer 34

Mittlestaining

Question 35

Bleeding that occurs when the contraceptive pill does not maintain a sufficiently hypo plastic endometrium, resulting in shedding of the endometrium in small amounts at a time

Answer 35

Breakthrough bleeding

Question 36

Excessive menstrual bleeding, either in duration or amount

Answer 36

Menorrhagia or hypermenorrhea

Question 37

Any form of uterine bleeding that is irregular in amount, duration, or timing and not related to regular menstrual bleeding

Answer 37

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Question 38

Excessive uterine bleeding with no demonstrable organic cause, genital, or extra genital; it is most frequently associated with anovulation

Answer 38

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Question 39

Cessation of the menstrual cycle that occurs as a result of hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy

Answer 39

Surgical menopause

Question 40

Painful intercourse

Answer 40

Dysparuria

Question 41

Visible red flush of the skin with perspiration

Answer 41

Hot flUsh

Question 42

Sudden warm sensation in the neck, head, and chest

Answer 42

Hot flAsh

Question 43

Profuse perspiration and heat radiating from the body that disrupts sleep

Answer 43

Night sweats

Question 44

Generalized metabolic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and increased incidence of bone fractures

Answer 44

Osteoporosis

Question 45

Substances found in certain plant foods (red clover, wild yams, dandelion greens, cherries, alfalfa sprouts, black beans, soybeans) that are capable of interacting with estrogen receptors in the body

Answer 45

Phytoestrogens or isoflavones