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Maternal Newborn-MJ > Ch. 13 > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What does GTPAL stand for?

A 
Gravidity
Term birth
Preterm births
Abortions, miscarriages
Living children
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2
Q

A woman who is pregnant

A

Gravida

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3
Q

Pregnancy

A

Gravidity

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4
Q

A woman who has never been pregnant and is not currently pregnant

A

Nilligravida

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5
Q

A woman who is pregnant for the first time

A

Primigravida

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6
Q

A woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies

A

Miltigravida

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7
Q

The number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses have reached 20 weeks of gestation, not the number of fetuses born

A

Parity

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8
Q

A woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus beyond 20 weeks

A

Nullipara

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9
Q

A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus to 20 weeks gestation

A

Primipara

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10
Q

A woman who has completed 2 or more pregnancies to 20 weeks gestation or more

A

Multipara

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11
Q

The capacity to live outside the uterus

A

Viability

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12
Q

Earliest biomarker of pregnancy

A

hCG

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13
Q

Teaching regarding an early pregnancy test?

A
  • Follow all instructions on it and don’t omit steps
  • Review the manufactures list of foods, meds, and other substances that may affect results
  • Use first voided morning urine specimen
  • If the test is done at the time of your missed period comes back negative, repeat the test in one week if you still haven’t had a period
  • Contact provider for follow up if test is + or if test is - and you stillhavent had a period
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14
Q

What sign of pregnancy: amenorrhea

A

Presumptive

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15
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Braxton hicks

A

Probable

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16
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Ballottement

A

Probable

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17
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Fatigue

A

Presumptive

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18
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Urinary frequency

A

Presumptive

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19
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Fetal heart sounds detected by ultrasound, doppler, or fetoscope

A

Positive

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20
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Hegar sign

A

Probable

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21
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Quickening

A

Presumptive

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22
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Chadwicks sign

A

Probable

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23
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Goodell sign

A

Probable

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24
Q

What sign of pregnancy: N/V and breast changes

A

Presumptive

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25
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Fetal movement palpated to examiner and/or visible to examiner

A

Positive

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26
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Positive preg test

A

Probable

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27
Q

What sign of pregnancy: Visualization of fetus by ultrasound and or radiographic study

A

Positive

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28
Q

What is goodell sign?

A

Softening of CERVICAL tip in a normal, unscarred cervix

-occuring in 2nd month

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29
Q

What is chadwicks sign?

A

Violet, bluish vaginal mucous membrane and cervix that is visible about 4th week (caused by increased vascularity)

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30
Q

What is Hegar’s sign?

A

Softening of the LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT

-May be presented during 2nd-3rd month of preg

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31
Q

Rushing or blowing sound of MATERNAL blood flowing through the uterine arteries to the placenta

A

Uterine souffel or bruit

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32
Q

What is a uterine souffel or bruit synchronous with?

A

Maternal pulse

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33
Q

What is synchronous with the FHR?

A

Funic souffel

34
Q

What is funic souffel caused by?

A

FETAL blood coursing though umbilical cord

35
Q

Leukorhea mucous fills the endocervical canal, resulting in the mucous plug called ______.

A

Operculum

36
Q

What does operculum do?

A

Acts as a barrier against bacterial invasion during pregnancy

37
Q

What is the purpose of the Montgomery tubercles?

A

They may be seen around the nipples and w/in them are sebaceous and sweat glands that secrete lubricating and anti-infective substances to help protect the moms nipples and areolas during breastfeeding

38
Q

“Liquid gold”

A

Colostrum

39
Q

If a systolic murmur develops in preg, where would we hear it?

A

Left sternal border

40
Q

How should we take BP at each visit?

A

The reading should be obtained in the same arm with woman in seated position with her back and arm supported and her upper arm at level of R. atrium

*positioning should be reordered with the reading

41
Q

How does BP change during pregnancy?

A

It doesnt or it slightly decreases

42
Q

Why is MAP useful to calculate?

A

Helps predict gestational hypertensive disorders

43
Q

The increase in plasma is increased in pregnancy, but the increase in the plasma is greater than the production of RBC. What does this mean?

A

Hemodilution–> Psychologic anemia!!

44
Q

During pregnancy, the woman is in a hyper coagulable state. What does this mean?

A

At greater risk for thromboembolic disorders

45
Q

What clotting factors increase in pregnancy?

A 
VII
VIII
IX
X 
Fibronogen
46
Q

How do women breathe in prenancy: chest breathing or abdominal?

A

Chest breathing via diaphragm

47
Q

Why do preg women have nasal/sinus stuffiness, epistaxis, changes in the voice, and marked inflammatory response?

A

Because the URT is more vascular and the capillaries become engorged, have edema, and hyperemia develops

48
Q

BMR: Does it increase or decrease in pregnancy?

A

Increase

49
Q

What is the acid-base balance of a preg?

A

Respiratory alkalosis due to

  • Increase TV
  • Slight increase in pH
  • Decrease in Pco2
  • Decrease in HCO3 and bicarb
50
Q

What does urinary stasis lead to?

A

UTI

51
Q

What can happen when the center of gravity shifts forward?

A

Lordosis and exaggerated flexion of the head develops to help develop with balance

52
Q

What hormones are responsible for loosening of ligaments of pubic symphysis and sacrioliac joints to facilitate labor and birth?

A

Relaxin and progesterone

53
Q

What kind of gait to pregs have?

A

Waddling

54
Q

What does edema in peripheral nerves lead to?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

  • Parathesia
  • Pain in hand radiating to elbow
55
Q

What is a red, raised nodule on the gums that bleeds easily?

A

Epulis

56
Q

Excessive salvation

A

Pytalism

57
Q

GI effects due to increase in progesterone?

A

Reflux, slower emptying of stomach, reverse persalsis all leading to indigestion and heart burn

Due to the smooth muscle relaxation and peristalsis there is also increased water absporption causing constipation

58
Q

What hormone: Maintains corpus luteum production of estrogen and progesterone until placenta takes over

A

hCG

59
Q

What hormone:

  • Suppresses secretion of FSH and LH
  • Maintains preg by relaxing SM
  • Decrease uterine contractility
  • Causes fat to deposit in SQ over mom abdomen, back, and thighs
  • Decreases mom ability to use insulin
A

Progesterone

60
Q

What hormone:

  • Suppresses secretion of FSH and LH
  • Causes fat to deposit in SQ over mom abdomen, back, and thighs
  • Promotes enlargement of breasts, genitals, and uterus
  • Increases vascularity
  • Relaxes pelvic lig and joints
  • Interferes with folic acid metabolism
  • Increases level of total body proteins
  • Promotes retention of Na and H2O
  • Decrease secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin
  • Decreases mom ability to use insulin
A

Estrogen

61
Q

What hormone: Prepares the breasts for lactation?

A

Serum prolactin

62
Q

What hormone?

  • Acts as growth hormone
  • Contributes to breast development
  • Decreases maternal metabolism of glucose
  • Increases amount of FA for metabolic needs
A

Human chorionic somatomammotropin

63
Q

EPT: Anticonvulsants and tranquilizers–can cause false positive or false negatives?

A

False positives

64
Q

EPT: Diuretics and promethazine–can cause false positive or false negatives?

A

False negatives

65
Q

Why aren’t probable signs of pregnancy enough to be a definitive diagnosis?

A

These signs can still be caused by something else like pelvic congestion or tumors

66
Q

Changes that make an examine suspect a woman is pregnant

A

Probable signs

67
Q

Changes felt by the woman that makes her think she is pregnant

A

Presumptive

68
Q

Signs only explained by pregnancy

A

Positive signs

69
Q

How many days is pregnancy?

A

280

70
Q

How many lunar months is pregnancy?

A

10 lunar months

71
Q

How many calendar months is pregnancy?

A

A little over 9 calendar months

72
Q

How many weeks is pregnancy?

A

40 weeks

73
Q

When does the upper uterus become palpable?

A

When it is above the symphysis pubis something between 12-14 weeks gestation

74
Q

Where is the fundus at approx 20weeks on normal gestation?

A

Umbilicus and full bodied

75
Q

When does lightening occur?

A

38-40 weeks

76
Q

When would multipara feel quickening?

A

14-16 weeks

77
Q

When would nillipara feel quickening?

A

18th week or later

78
Q

Hormone responsible for milk production?

A

Prolactin

79
Q

Hormone responsible for milk letdown?

A

Oxytocin

80
Q

What are the absolutes for preclampsia?

A

140/90 OR

Systolic elevated 30 above baseline and diastolic elevated 15 above baseline

81
Q

What are cardinal signs of preeclampsia?

A 
Blurred
Edema
Elevated BP
Proteinuria
Headaches or dizziness

Maternal Newborn-MJ (29 decks)

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