Conception PPT

Question 1

The meiotic process by which male gametes are produced

Answer 1

Spermatogenesis

Question 2

The process by which female gametes are produced

Answer 2

Oogenesis

Question 3

What is the smallest cell in the body?

Answer 3

Sperm

Question 4

When does production of sperm begin?

Answer 4

At puberty in response to testosterone

Question 5

What is an important factor in production of adequate numbers of sperm?

Answer 5

Temperature

Question 6

How are sperm transported?

Answer 6

In secretions from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland (seminal fluid)

Question 7

What is the pH of seminal fluid? Why?

Answer 7

Alkaline–helps neutralize the normally acidic female vagina in an attempt to assure viability of the sperm until it can fertilize an ovum

Question 8

What is the lifespan of sperm after ejaculation?

Answer 8

48-72 hours

Question 9

How much sperm is in a normal ejaculation?

Answer 9

200-500 million

Question 10

How is sperm transported..like what characteristic of it?

Answer 10

It has a flagellated, whip like motion

Question 11

Can low sperm lead to infertility?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What is the average travel time from sperm to egg?

Answer 12

4-6 hours, but can reach in as little as 5 minutes

Question 13

When do oocytes form?

Answer 13

12 weeks gestation

Question 14

Is sperm cyclic?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Is ova follicle cyclic?

Answer 15

Yes, ovarian cycle

Question 16

How many mature eggs does a female have in lifetime?

Answer 16

400-500

Question 17

When does ovulation occur?

Answer 17

14 days (+/- 2) before the next menstrual period

Question 18

What is hyaluronidase?

Answer 18

Path through cells for sperm to reach ovum

Question 19

Removes the protective coating from the heads of the sperm

Answer 19

Capictation

Question 20

Who determines sex of baby: male or female?

Answer 20

Male

23 pairs from each parent

22 are autosomes, leaving 2 chromosomes (or 1 pair) to determine the sex. Female can only give an X, so if dad gives an X sex is female, if dad gives a Y, sex in male

Question 21

What secretes HCG to make sure the corpus luteum remains viable?

Answer 21

Blastocyst

Question 22

How long does corpus leuteum secrete estrogen and progesterone?

Answer 22

First 2-3 months of pregnancy

Question 23

When does mitotic cellular replication (cleavage) occur?

Answer 23

As baby (zygote) is propelled toward uterus

Question 24

How many cells does morula have?

Answer 24

16

Question 25

What is the out layer of cells in zygote?

Answer 25

Trophoblast

Question 26

What is inner layer of cells in zygote?

Answer 26

Blastocyst (baby)

Question 27

When is blastocyst implanted?

Answer 27

6-8 days after ovulation

Question 28

Where is the site of implantation?

Answer 28

Upper portion of the uterus

Question 29

What develops the chronic villi?

Answer 29

Trophoblast (outer layer)

Question 30

What is chorionic villi?

Answer 30

Projections that extend into endometrium and tap into maternal blood supply for O2 and nutrients

Question 31

After implantation the endometrium will now be referred to as _____

Answer 31

Decidua

Question 32

Where is the decade basalis?

Answer 32

Beneath the blastocyst

Question 33

Is IUD an inhibitor of implantation?

Answer 33

Yes, interferes with both fertilization and implantation

Question 34

An IUD is medicated with copper or progesterone. What does progesterone do in this case?

Answer 34

Changes cervical mucus and endometrium to prevent fertilization *IUD may cause substances to accumulate in the uterus and interfere with implantation; it can also scar the uterus and if it goes up too far it can implant into the cervical wall

Question 35

Term for conception to day 14

Answer 35

Ovum

Question 36

Time period for term embryo

Answer 36

Day 15-8 weeks

Question 37

What happens in embryonic period?

Answer 37

Organs are forming and it is at greatest vulnerability

Question 38

When do we start referring to baby as fetus?

Answer 38

8 weeks-birth

Question 39

Period of ovum encompasses cellular replication from zygote to blastocyst formation and the differentiation into 3 primary germ layers of cells. What are the 3 germ layers?

Answer 39

1. Ectoderm 2. Mesoderm 3. Endoderm

Question 40

What does the ectoderm develop into?

Answer 40

Ectoderm is the outer layer, so trophoblasts and develops into the placenta, integument, neural tissue and glands

Question 41

What does the mesoderm form?

Answer 41

``` Muscles Bones CT Circulatory system Gentiourinary system ```

Question 42

What does the endoderm form?

Answer 42

Digestive, respiratory, and part of GU system

Question 43

The _____ stage is the most critical time in the development of the organ systems and the external features. Developing areas with rapid cell division are the most vulnerable to malformation by _____

Answer 43

Embryonic stage; environmental teratogens

Question 44

Environmental substances or exposures that result in functional or structural disability

Answer 44

Teratogen *time of exposure is an important factor!

Question 45

Inner membrane that surrounds the baby

Answer 45

Amniotic sac

Question 46

Is the amniotic sac the shiny shultz or dirty dunken?

Answer 46

Shiny shultz

Question 47

What is the purpose of the amniotic sac and fluid?

Answer 47

- Oral fluid for fetus - Repository for wastes (urine, meconium) - Assists with lung development

Question 48

How much amniotic fluid is there?

Answer 48

Volume: 800-122 mL

Question 49

What color is the amniotic fluid?

Answer 49

Transparent yellow

Question 50

Is there an odor to amniotic fluid?

Answer 50

Yes, characteristic odor but should NOT be mal-odorous

Question 51

When is meconium released into the AF?

Answer 51

When baby is stressed or distressed

Question 52

What if AF is meconium stained at delivery?

Answer 52

Its a concern! It could mean they've had meconium aspiration

Question 53

How much AF is there at 16 weeks gestation?

Answer 53

200-300 mL; this is a sufficient amount for amniocentesis at this time

Question 54

How much AF is there at delivery?

Answer 54

100-1200 mL

Question 55

What is ballottment?

Answer 55

If the examiner does an exam and the baby bounces against the examiners hand, it means the baby is not ready to come down...it has not descended down enough

Question 56

What is olighydraminos? What is this associated with?

Answer 56

Less than 300 mL of AF Associated with fetal kidney obstruction or renal agenesis

Question 57

What is polyhydraminos? What is it associated with?

Answer 57

Greater than 2000 mL Associated with esophageal atresia and with severe CNS anomalies

Question 58

What are some functions of AF?

Answer 58

- Protects fluid from mechanical injury | - Maintains stable, THERMAL environment

Question 59

Is AF acidic or alkaline?

Answer 59

Slightly alkaline

Question 60

AF contains lecithin and sphingomyelin. What is this?

Answer 60

L/S is a major component of surfactant, which is what keeps the alveoli open and makes it slippery so the lungs don't stick together.

Question 61

What indicates fetal lung maturity?

Answer 61

L:S ration of 2:1

Question 62

What color does the L/S of AF turn the nitrazine paper?

Answer 62

Blue Urine is acidic and turns paper red

Question 63

What happens if the baby's head gets caught between the fetal head/maternal pelvis?

Answer 63

Can cause decels

Question 64

What happens if the cord gets caught around the baby?

Answer 64

Deoxygenated baby

Question 65

What is the nursing actions for rupture of membranes?

Answer 65

-Always be checking fetal monitor for DECELERATIONS IN FETAL HR

Question 66

What does the placenta do? (3)

Answer 66

1. Provides nutrients (O2) and removes waster (CO2) 2. Metabolizes drugs and other substances 3. Produces estrogen and progesterone for maintenance of pregnancy

Question 67

How does placenta look?

Answer 67

Flat, disc shaped

Question 68

What are the intervillous spaces of the placenta?

Answer 68

Large spaces separating chorionic villi in the placenta

Question 69

Blood enters the intervillous spaces from _______ that penetrate the basal part of the placenta

Answer 69

Uterine arteries

Question 70

How is oxygenated blood transported to the fetus?

Answer 70

Umbillical vein

Question 71

How is oxygen depleted blood left from fetus?

Answer 71

Chorionic villi by umbilical arteries

Question 72

What artery has deoxygenated blood?

Answer 72

Endometrial artery

Question 73

What vein returns oxygenated blood to fetus?

Answer 73

Endometrial vein

Question 74

What is the main source of estrogen and progesterone until 3rd month of preg?

Answer 74

Corpus luteum

Question 75

By the end of the 3rd month, ____ produces most of the hormones

Answer 75

Placenta

Question 76

What does estrogen do?

Answer 76

Stimulates uterine development to provide environment for baby

Question 77

What does progesterone do?

Answer 77

Relaxes uterine muscles and prevents spontaneous abortion

Question 78

Placenta: How is there transfer of O2 and CO2

Answer 78

Through intervillous spaces

Question 79

What hormones builds/develops the baby?

Answer 79

Estrogen

Question 80

What hormones maintains the pregnancy?

Answer 80

Progesterone

Question 81

What can happen if preg mom is in a recumbent position?

Answer 81

DECREASED blood flow r/t maternal position (vena cava syndrome).....cuts of O2 and nutrition to baby!!

Question 82

What can happen to the baby with blood pressure changes in the mother?

Answer 82

Increased or decreased changes can lead to vasoconstriction causing the perfusion to be limited and blood to the baby is DECREASED

Question 83

What is an example of a vasoconstrictor drug?

Answer 83

Nicotine

Question 84

What if we walk in the room and see mom laying on her back?

Answer 84

We don't want the mom to be flat on her back!!!, if she is turn her slightly to one side and wedge a small pillow under the hip

Question 85

What connects the fetus and placenta?

Answer 85

Umbilical cord

Question 86

Where does the umbilical cord arise from?

Answer 86

Center of fetal side of placenta

Question 87

What does the umbilical cord contain?

Answer 87

1 large vein and 2 arteries Arteries carry deoxygenated blood and waste from fetus Vein carries oxygenated blood and O2 & nutrients to fetus

Question 88

What are the vein and arteries of the umbilical cord surrounded by?

Answer 88

Wharton's jelly

Question 89

What are some functions of umbilical cord?

Answer 89

1. Transport O2 and nutrients from mom to baby and waste back into maternal blood 2. Permits free movement for baby w/in the membranes

Question 90

What happens if the cord is knotted?

Answer 90

Can cut off circulation to the baby

Question 91

What if the cord is caught between the baby head and ischial spine during birth or ROM?

Answer 91

Fetal hypoxia

Question 92

What if mom is in labor and we check her and see the cord visible?

Answer 92

Keep and hold the head off the cord!!!