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Maternal Newborn-MJ > Conception PPT > Flashcards

Conception PPT Flashcards

1
Q

The meiotic process by which male gametes are produced

A

Spermatogenesis

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2
Q

The process by which female gametes are produced

A

Oogenesis

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3
Q

What is the smallest cell in the body?

A

Sperm

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4
Q

When does production of sperm begin?

A

At puberty in response to testosterone

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5
Q

What is an important factor in production of adequate numbers of sperm?

A

Temperature

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6
Q

How are sperm transported?

A

In secretions from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland (seminal fluid)

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7
Q

What is the pH of seminal fluid? Why?

A

Alkaline–helps neutralize the normally acidic female vagina in an attempt to assure viability of the sperm until it can fertilize an ovum

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8
Q

What is the lifespan of sperm after ejaculation?

A

48-72 hours

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9
Q

How much sperm is in a normal ejaculation?

A

200-500 million

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10
Q

How is sperm transported..like what characteristic of it?

A

It has a flagellated, whip like motion

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11
Q

Can low sperm lead to infertility?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What is the average travel time from sperm to egg?

A

4-6 hours, but can reach in as little as 5 minutes

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13
Q

When do oocytes form?

A

12 weeks gestation

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14
Q

Is sperm cyclic?

A

No

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15
Q

Is ova follicle cyclic?

A

Yes, ovarian cycle

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16
Q

How many mature eggs does a female have in lifetime?

A

400-500

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17
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

14 days (+/- 2) before the next menstrual period

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18
Q

What is hyaluronidase?

A

Path through cells for sperm to reach ovum

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19
Q

Removes the protective coating from the heads of the sperm

A

Capictation

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20
Q

Who determines sex of baby: male or female?

A

Male

23 pairs from each parent

22 are autosomes, leaving 2 chromosomes (or 1 pair) to determine the sex. Female can only give an X, so if dad gives an X sex is female, if dad gives a Y, sex in male

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21
Q

What secretes HCG to make sure the corpus luteum remains viable?

A

Blastocyst

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22
Q

How long does corpus leuteum secrete estrogen and progesterone?

A

First 2-3 months of pregnancy

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23
Q

When does mitotic cellular replication (cleavage) occur?

A

As baby (zygote) is propelled toward uterus

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24
Q

How many cells does morula have?

A

16

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25
Q

What is the out layer of cells in zygote?

A

Trophoblast

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26
Q

What is inner layer of cells in zygote?

A

Blastocyst (baby)

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27
Q

When is blastocyst implanted?

A

6-8 days after ovulation

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28
Q

Where is the site of implantation?

A

Upper portion of the uterus

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29
Q

What develops the chronic villi?

A

Trophoblast (outer layer)

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30
Q

What is chorionic villi?

A

Projections that extend into endometrium and tap into maternal blood supply for O2 and nutrients

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31
Q

After implantation the endometrium will now be referred to as _____

A

Decidua

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32
Q

Where is the decade basalis?

A

Beneath the blastocyst

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33
Q

Is IUD an inhibitor of implantation?

A

Yes, interferes with both fertilization and implantation

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34
Q

An IUD is medicated with copper or progesterone. What does progesterone do in this case?

A

Changes cervical mucus and endometrium to prevent fertilization

*IUD may cause substances to accumulate in the uterus and interfere with implantation; it can also scar the uterus and if it goes up too far it can implant into the cervical wall

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35
Q

Term for conception to day 14

A

Ovum

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36
Q

Time period for term embryo

A

Day 15-8 weeks

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37
Q

What happens in embryonic period?

A

Organs are forming and it is at greatest vulnerability

38
Q

When do we start referring to baby as fetus?

A

8 weeks-birth

39
Q

Period of ovum encompasses cellular replication from zygote to blastocyst formation and the differentiation into 3 primary germ layers of cells. What are the 3 germ layers?

A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. Mesoderm
  3. Endoderm
40
Q

What does the ectoderm develop into?

A

Ectoderm is the outer layer, so trophoblasts and develops into the placenta, integument, neural tissue and glands

41
Q

What does the mesoderm form?

A 
Muscles
Bones
CT
Circulatory system
Gentiourinary system
42
Q

What does the endoderm form?

A

Digestive, respiratory, and part of GU system

43
Q

The _____ stage is the most critical time in the development of the organ systems and the external features. Developing areas with rapid cell division are the most vulnerable to malformation by _____

A

Embryonic stage; environmental teratogens

44
Q

Environmental substances or exposures that result in functional or structural disability

A

Teratogen

*time of exposure is an important factor!

45
Q

Inner membrane that surrounds the baby

A

Amniotic sac

46
Q

Is the amniotic sac the shiny shultz or dirty dunken?

A

Shiny shultz

47
Q

What is the purpose of the amniotic sac and fluid?

A
  • Oral fluid for fetus
  • Repository for wastes (urine, meconium)
  • Assists with lung development
48
Q

How much amniotic fluid is there?

A

Volume: 800-122 mL

49
Q

What color is the amniotic fluid?

A

Transparent yellow

50
Q

Is there an odor to amniotic fluid?

A

Yes, characteristic odor but should NOT be mal-odorous

51
Q

When is meconium released into the AF?

A

When baby is stressed or distressed

52
Q

What if AF is meconium stained at delivery?

A

Its a concern! It could mean they’ve had meconium aspiration

53
Q

How much AF is there at 16 weeks gestation?

A

200-300 mL; this is a sufficient amount for amniocentesis at this time

54
Q

How much AF is there at delivery?

A

100-1200 mL

55
Q

What is ballottment?

A

If the examiner does an exam and the baby bounces against the examiners hand, it means the baby is not ready to come down…it has not descended down enough

56
Q

What is olighydraminos? What is this associated with?

A

Less than 300 mL of AF

Associated with fetal kidney obstruction or renal agenesis

57
Q

What is polyhydraminos? What is it associated with?

A

Greater than 2000 mL

Associated with esophageal atresia and with severe CNS anomalies

58
Q

What are some functions of AF?

A
  • Protects fluid from mechanical injury

- Maintains stable, THERMAL environment

59
Q

Is AF acidic or alkaline?

A

Slightly alkaline

60
Q

AF contains lecithin and sphingomyelin. What is this?

A

L/S is a major component of surfactant, which is what keeps the alveoli open and makes it slippery so the lungs don’t stick together.

61
Q

What indicates fetal lung maturity?

A

L:S ration of 2:1

62
Q

What color does the L/S of AF turn the nitrazine paper?

A

Blue

Urine is acidic and turns paper red

63
Q

What happens if the baby’s head gets caught between the fetal head/maternal pelvis?

A

Can cause decels

64
Q

What happens if the cord gets caught around the baby?

A

Deoxygenated baby

65
Q

What is the nursing actions for rupture of membranes?

A

-Always be checking fetal monitor for DECELERATIONS IN FETAL HR

66
Q

What does the placenta do? (3)

A
  1. Provides nutrients (O2) and removes waster (CO2)
  2. Metabolizes drugs and other substances
  3. Produces estrogen and progesterone for maintenance of pregnancy
67
Q

How does placenta look?

A

Flat, disc shaped

68
Q

What are the intervillous spaces of the placenta?

A

Large spaces separating chorionic villi in the placenta

69
Q

Blood enters the intervillous spaces from _______ that penetrate the basal part of the placenta

A

Uterine arteries

70
Q

How is oxygenated blood transported to the fetus?

A

Umbillical vein

71
Q

How is oxygen depleted blood left from fetus?

A

Chorionic villi by umbilical arteries

72
Q

What artery has deoxygenated blood?

A

Endometrial artery

73
Q

What vein returns oxygenated blood to fetus?

A

Endometrial vein

74
Q

What is the main source of estrogen and progesterone until 3rd month of preg?

A

Corpus luteum

75
Q

By the end of the 3rd month, ____ produces most of the hormones

A

Placenta

76
Q

What does estrogen do?

A

Stimulates uterine development to provide environment for baby

77
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Relaxes uterine muscles and prevents spontaneous abortion

78
Q

Placenta: How is there transfer of O2 and CO2

A

Through intervillous spaces

79
Q

What hormones builds/develops the baby?

A

Estrogen

80
Q

What hormones maintains the pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

81
Q

What can happen if preg mom is in a recumbent position?

A

DECREASED blood flow r/t maternal position (vena cava syndrome)…..cuts of O2 and nutrition to baby!!

82
Q

What can happen to the baby with blood pressure changes in the mother?

A

Increased or decreased changes can lead to vasoconstriction causing the perfusion to be limited and blood to the baby is DECREASED

83
Q

What is an example of a vasoconstrictor drug?

A

Nicotine

84
Q

What if we walk in the room and see mom laying on her back?

A

We don’t want the mom to be flat on her back!!!, if she is turn her slightly to one side and wedge a small pillow under the hip

85
Q

What connects the fetus and placenta?

A

Umbilical cord

86
Q

Where does the umbilical cord arise from?

A

Center of fetal side of placenta

87
Q

What does the umbilical cord contain?

A

1 large vein and 2 arteries

Arteries carry deoxygenated blood and waste from fetus

Vein carries oxygenated blood and O2 & nutrients to fetus

88
Q

What are the vein and arteries of the umbilical cord surrounded by?

A

Wharton’s jelly

89
Q

What are some functions of umbilical cord?

A
  1. Transport O2 and nutrients from mom to baby and waste back into maternal blood
  2. Permits free movement for baby w/in the membranes
90
Q

What happens if the cord is knotted?

A

Can cut off circulation to the baby

91
Q

What if the cord is caught between the baby head and ischial spine during birth or ROM?

A

Fetal hypoxia

92
Q

What if mom is in labor and we check her and see the cord visible?

A

Keep and hold the head off the cord!!!

Maternal Newborn-MJ (29 decks)

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