T4-Advanced Organizer Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What could make a pt susceptible to toxoplasmosis?

A
  • eating raw or undercooked meat
  • coming in contact with contaminated soil
  • infected animal (Cat) feces
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2
Q

Why may a pt need an RPR test?

A

testing for syphilis

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3
Q

What is the test for syphilis?

A

RPR test

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4
Q

When does an RPR test occur?

Why?

A

(test for Syphilis)

  • all women at prenatal visit
  • high risk at 3rd trimester and at L&D suite
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5
Q

What will occur if mom has positive RPR test at delivery?

A

(positive for syphilis)

  • will transmit across placenta at 18 weeks gestation
  • congenital anomalies/congenital syphilis can occur
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6
Q

How can congenital syphilis be tested?

A

Test cord blood

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7
Q

What is HSV2?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

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8
Q

What may be needed prior to birth if a mother has HSV2??

When?

A

Prophylactic Acyclovir at 36 weeks

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9
Q

Why is acyclovir used prophylactically in HSV2?

A

decreases viral shedding during delivery

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10
Q

When may a c section be needed with HSV2?

A

if lesions are present

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11
Q

What kind of fetal monitoring needs to be used if the mom is positive for HSV2?

A

external!!!

Internal monitoring increases risk of infection of fetus

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12
Q

Medications needed for HIV positive pregnant woman?

A
  • Zidovudine orally beginning at 14 weeks gestation

- admin. IV during labor

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13
Q

What meds will the neonate be given if mom was HIV positive?

A

administer drug for for 6 weeks total (book)

billings says at 6 week checkup… but idk

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14
Q

What are the goals to protect a fetus of an HIV positive mom?

A

prevent opportunistic infections:

-avoid procedures that increase the risk of perinatal transmission

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15
Q

What procedures could increase the risk of an infant contracting a disease from the mother in utero?

A
  • amniocentesis

- internal fetal monitoring (electrodes on fetal scalp break fetal skin barrier)

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16
Q

What needs to be AVOIDED at delivery when a pregnant mother is HIV positive?

A

-no internal monitoring
-no episiotomies (lesa maternal blood around birth canal)
-MINIMIZED neonatal
exposure to maternal blood
-NO PITOCIN (strong contractions can cause vaginal tears

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17
Q

What meds given during labor of HIV positive mom?

A

IV Zidovudine

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18
Q

HIV and breastfeeding?

A

NO breastfeeding

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19
Q

PP for mom post-delivery that is HIV positive?

A
  • protective isolation if immunosuppresed
  • NO BREASTFEEDING
  • monitor for INFECTION
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20
Q

What is most important for PP for neonate born from HIV positive mom?

A

BATH BABY prior to invasive procedures

Vit K, heel sticks, venipuncture

21
Q

What is the most accurate test of neonate to determine HIV status?

A

HIV-1 DNA PCR assay

performed on neonatal blood, NO CORD BLOOD

22
Q

When does Hep B testing occur?

A

-all pregnant women at first prenatal visit

at risk:

  • 3rd trimester
  • upon entering L&D suite
23
Q

What it the main effect of a pregnant woman having Hep B on the fetus?

A

premature birth

24
Q

What is Hep B?

A

Infection of the liver–can be fatal

25
Can Hep B be prevented?
YES!!! | -get Hep B vaccine (can get within 14 days of exposure to prevent infection)
26
Can a Hep B vaccination hurt the fetus?
NO!! not known to hurt the fetus
27
Treatment for Hep B infection?
No specific treatment | -recovery is spontaneous in 3 to 16 weeks
28
What should a women who has contracted the Hep B virus do?
(no treatment) -increase rest periods -eat high protein, low fat -increase fluid intake avoid ETOH
29
What is the pregnant patient who uses COCAINE at risk for?
placental abruption
30
What does alcohol use by a pregnant woman cause?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
31
3 categories r/t fetal alcohol syndrome?
1. prenatal/postnatal growth restriction 2. CNS malfunction 3. Craniofacial features
32
What craniofacial features may occur due to fetal alcohol syndrome?
- microcephaly - small eyes/short palpebral fissures - thing upper lip - flat midface - indistinct philtrum
33
Nicotine is a _________.
DRUG!!
34
Why is nicotine a drug?
stimulant drug that is found in tobacco -addictive substance that creates physiological and psychological dependence
35
What is an amniocentesis?
Procedure in which a needle is inserted through the abdominal and uterine walls under ultrasound guidance into the amniotic fluid; some fluid is withdrawn
36
Why get an amniocentesis?
Used for assessment of fetal health and maturity -may use to check for malformations. genetics issues
37
What us am amniotomy?
Artificial rupture of membranes, using a plastic amnihook or surgical clamp
38
How is a AROM performed?
via amniotomy
39
What is an amnioinfusion?
Infusion of room-temp isotonic fluid (usually NS or LR) into the uterine cavity if the volume of AF is low, in an attempt to increase the fluid around the umbilical cord
40
Why perform an amnioinfusion?
prevent compression during uterine contractions
41
When is an amniocentesis performed?
after 14 weeks gestation
42
Why would an amniocentesis be performed EARLY in the pregnancy?
to detect chromosomal abnormalities
43
Why would an amniocentesis be performed LATE in the pregnancy?
to determine fetal lung maturity with L/S ratio to detect the amount of surfactant production in fetal lungs
44
What is an AFP useful for?
Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders or congenital anomalies NTD in particular
45
What is L/S ratio important for?
Assessment of pulmonary maturity
46
What is in the amnio fluid? Why important?
fetal cells!! (hair, skin, etc) -allows for genetic testing
47
How does the amnio fluid need to be handles immediately after obtaining for testing?
Brown bag!! Keep away form light source and transport in brown bag until it gets to the lab
48
How is amniocentesis performed? When?
Done after 14 weeks Needed inserted into uterus, AF withdrawn with syringe
49
Why wait until after 14 weeks for amniocentesis?
Uterus is ABOVE symphysis pubis and fluid amounts are adequate