Vocabulary for Exam 6 Flashcards
Is found in products as either the tetrasodium or disodium salt. They react chemically to “bind” calcium, which inhibits the blood clotting mechanism. It is a skin irritant, causing dryness and cracking.
Ethylenediamine Tetracetic Acid (EDTA)
Disease that may be transmitted between individuals, with reference to the organism that causes a disease.
Contagious Disease
An evaluation of exposures that are time-weighted over an established period. It allows the exposure levels to be averaged generally over an 8-hour time period.
Time-Weighed Average (TWA)
Uneven heartbeat.
Arrythmia
Having a higher lethal dose (as compared to highly toxic).
Toxic
Apparatus used for sterilization by steam presure, usually at 250oF/121oC for a specific time.
Autoclave
A carcinogen potentially produced when formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite come into contact with each other. Normally occurs only in a controlled laboratory setting and requires a catalyst.
Bischloromethyl Ether (BCME)
OSHA required emergency safety device providing a steady stream of water for flushing the eye.
Eye Wash Station
To disperse as an aerosol; minute particles of blood and water become atomized and suspended in air when water under pressure meets the blood drainage or when flushing an uncovered flush sink.
Aerosolization
A specific eye, mouth, or other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee’s duties.
Exposure Incident
Requires employers to provide employees with information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work place at the time of their initial assignment, and whenever a new hazard is introduced into their work area.
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration Act of 1986 (Right to Know Act)
Weakness in the extremities due to damage or degeneration of the peripheral nerves.
Peripheral Neuropathy
A cancer-causing chemical or material.
Carcinogen
A severe infectious bloodborne virus.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
A central nervous system depressant which can cause symptoms including headache, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue. In high concentrations, stupor and unconsciousness can occur.
Narcotic
An unstable salt usually produced in an aqueous solution and used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent.
Sodium Hypochlorite
Legal limits established by OSHA to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without damage or injury. Exposures at this limit should not be more than 15 minutes and not repeated more than 4 times per work day.
Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
An agent which can cause non-inheritable mutations in offspring.
Teratogen
Difficult or painful breathing.
Dyspnea
Chemicals which will affect adversely certain organs.
Target Organ Effects
Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed; prohibiting recapping of needles, and not allowing blood splatter or aerosolization of blood while draining during the embalming process.
Work Practice Controls
Any comtaminated object that can penetrate the skin include, but not limited to:
- Needles
- Scalpels
- Broken glass
- Exposed ends of wires
Contaminated Sharps
Having a relatively low lethal dose.
Highly Toxic
In contaminated air, the parts of vapor or gas (formaldehyde) per million parts of air by volume; in solution the parts of chemical per million parts of solution.
Parts Per Million (ppm)
These levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure limit (PEL). The level for formaldehyde is 0.5ppm. Exposure limit usually one half of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) legal limit for a regulated substance.
Action Level (AL-Exposure Limits)
The presence of the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface.
Contaminated
Human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood.
Blood
OSHA required receptacle for proper disposal of sharps.
Sharps Container
Bleeding from the nose, a nosebleed.
Epistaxis
Causing visible destruction of living tissue at point of contact.
Corrosive
An agent or material exposing one to risk.
Hazardous Material
Procedures that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace such as sharps disposal container, self-sheathing needles.
Engineering Controls
Molecules of a compound in which the atoms have a slightly different configuration.
Isomers
Extreme sensitivity to light.
Photophobia
A major agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, concerned with all phases of control of communicable, vectorborne, and occupational diseases.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP, CDC)
OSHA regulation limiting the amount of occupation exposure to formaldehyde gas. Went into effect May of 1988.
Formaldehyde Rule
A governmental agency with environmental protection regulatory and enforcement authority.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
A material which can trigger an allergic reaction.
Allergen
OSHA required safety device for a release of a copious amount of water in a short time.
Drench Shower
Laundry which has been soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials or may contain sharps.
Contaminated Laundry
A type of retrovirus that causes acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Lung disease characterized by fibrosis (scarring) caused by inhalation of dusts. I.e.:
- Silica
- Asbestos
Pneumoconiosis
Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a body part, organ, or system.
Disease
The application of chemical reagents in the treatment of disease in humans, causing an elevated preservation demand.
Chemotherapy
Non-corrosive, but causing a reversible inflammatory effect at the point of contact.
Irritant
A 5 percent sodium hypochlorite solution; twelve ounces of household bleach with 116 ounces of water yields one gallon of a 10% household bleach solution (5,000 ppm solution hypochlorite).
Household Bleach
Disinfection of the surface of the body or an object.
Topical Disinfection
Effect occurring at sites remote from the route of entry.
Systemic
A severe, often fatal bacterial disease characterized by pneumonia, dry cough and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms.
Legionnaires Disease
Hypodermic needles, surture needles, injector needles, scalpel blades, razor blades, pins and other items sharp enough to cause percutaneous injury, penetration of unbroken skin; may include other items normally not disposed of following use such as scissors, teeth, finger nails, and ribs.
Sharps
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus (possibly as many as seven in number) capable of causing acute or chronic hepatitis illness. The transmission can be oral-fecal, parenteral, or sexual.
Viral Hepatitis
An inflammatory skin disease marked by small vesicles in clusters, usually restriced to diseases caused by Herpes virus.
Herpes
Inflammation of the liver; may be caused by a variety of agents, including viral infections, bacterial invasion, and physical or chemical agents. It is usually accompanied by fever, jaundice, and an enlarged liver.
Hepatitis
An agent, usually chemical, applied to either inanimate objects/surfaces or to living tissues to destory disease-causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores.
Germicide
The maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances. These are based on employee exposure that are time-weighted over an 8 hour work shift. When these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure. The limit for formaldehyde is .75ppm.
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
A buzzing or ringing in the ears.
Tinnitus
Apparatus that prevents the back-siphoning of contaminated liquids into potable water supply lines or plumbing cross-connections within the preparation room.
Vacuum Breaker
Oven or appliance for sterilizing; an autoclave that disinfects by steam under pressure at temperatures above 100oC.
Sterilizers
A material which can cause inheritable genetic changes in offspring.
Mutagen
Disease that may be transmitted either directly or indriectly between individuals by an infectious agent.
Communicable Disease
A disease of the skin characterized by itching, redness and scaling.
Eczema
Disease caused by the growth of a pahtogenic microorganism in the body.
Infectious Disease
An approach to infection control. According this concept, all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens.
Universal Precautions
Biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans.
Biohazard (Infectious Waste)
A disease or disorder of the skin.
Dermatosis
An abnormally excessive amount of albumin in the urine.
Albuminuria
Causing an allergic reaction after repeated exposure.
Sensitizer
Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to:
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Bloodborne Pathogens
Wound characterized by irregular tearing of tissue.
Laceration
Unconsciousness produced by a drug, usually narcotics, and certain toxic chemicals.
Narcosis
A Governmental agency with the responsibility for regulation and enforcement of safety and health matters for most United States Employees; an individual state OSHA agency may supersede the U.S. Department of Labor OSHA regulations.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Metabolic by-products that contain nitrogen, such as urea and uric acid. These compounds have a high affinity for formaldehyde and tend to neutralize embalming chemicals.
Nitrogenous Waste
A swelling of tissue due to the collection of fluids.
Edema (Dropsy)
Dizziness characterized by a sensation of whirling movement.
Vertigo
Freedom from infection and from any form of life.
Asepsis (Sterility)
OSHA regulation that deals with identifying and limiting exposure to occupational hazards. (Related to the OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration Act of 1986).
Hazard Communication Standard (Rule)
Any change in structure produced during the course of a disease or injury.
Lesion
An involuntary, rapid movement of the eyeball, usually from side to side.
Nystagmus
Drugs or medicines.
Pharmaceutical Agents
Capable of inducing growth of a tumor.
Tumorigenic
This must accompany a hazardous product; a requirement of the Department of Labor and OSHA under the Hazard Communication Standard.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Irritation of the conjunctival lining of the eye, leading to swelling and redness.
Conjunctivitis
General inflammation of the skin.
Dermatitis
A material which can cause suffocation.
Asphyxiant
Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of a worker’s duties.
Occupational Exposure
OSHA Regulation (29CFR 1910-1030) regulating the employee’s exposure the blood and other body fluids. OSHA Definitions: Blood, human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood.
Bloodborne Pathogen Rule
A material capable of causing an abnormal growth of tissue.
Neoplastic Agent
Piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks, human bites, cuts and abrasions.
Parenteral
Those items of protection worn to minimuze exposure to hazards; those items worn by the embalmer to avoid contact with blood and other body fluids. Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
A disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology, assumed to be a slow virus; because of unknown etiology, care givers using invasive procedure use extreme caution.
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease
Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms.
Sterilization
