Vocabulary for Exam 6

Question 1

Is found in products as either the tetrasodium or disodium salt. They react chemically to “bind” calcium, which inhibits the blood clotting mechanism. It is a skin irritant, causing dryness and cracking.

Answer 1

Ethylenediamine Tetracetic Acid (EDTA)

Question 2

Disease that may be transmitted between individuals, with reference to the organism that causes a disease.

Answer 2

Contagious Disease

Question 3

An evaluation of exposures that are time-weighted over an established period. It allows the exposure levels to be averaged generally over an 8-hour time period.

Answer 3

Time-Weighed Average (TWA)

Question 4

Uneven heartbeat.

Answer 4

Arrythmia

Question 5

Having a higher lethal dose (as compared to highly toxic).

Answer 5

Toxic

Question 6

Apparatus used for sterilization by steam presure, usually at 250^oF/121^oC for a specific time.

Answer 6

Autoclave

Question 7

A carcinogen potentially produced when formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite come into contact with each other. Normally occurs only in a controlled laboratory setting and requires a catalyst.

Answer 7

Bischloromethyl Ether (BCME)

Question 8

OSHA required emergency safety device providing a steady stream of water for flushing the eye.

Answer 8

Eye Wash Station

Question 9

To disperse as an aerosol; minute particles of blood and water become atomized and suspended in air when water under pressure meets the blood drainage or when flushing an uncovered flush sink.

Answer 9

Aerosolization

Question 10

A specific eye, mouth, or other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee’s duties.

Answer 10

Exposure Incident

Question 11

Requires employers to provide employees with information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work place at the time of their initial assignment, and whenever a new hazard is introduced into their work area.

Answer 11

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration Act of 1986 (Right to Know Act)

Question 12

Weakness in the extremities due to damage or degeneration of the peripheral nerves.

Answer 12

Peripheral Neuropathy

Question 13

A cancer-causing chemical or material.

Answer 13

Carcinogen

Question 14

A severe infectious bloodborne virus.

Answer 14

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Question 15

A central nervous system depressant which can cause symptoms including headache, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue. In high concentrations, stupor and unconsciousness can occur.

Answer 15

Narcotic

Question 16

An unstable salt usually produced in an aqueous solution and used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent.

Answer 16

Sodium Hypochlorite

Question 17

Legal limits established by OSHA to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without damage or injury. Exposures at this limit should not be more than 15 minutes and not repeated more than 4 times per work day.

Answer 17

Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)

Question 18

An agent which can cause non-inheritable mutations in offspring.

Answer 18

Teratogen

Question 19

Difficult or painful breathing.

Answer 19

Dyspnea

Question 20

Chemicals which will affect adversely certain organs.

Answer 20

Target Organ Effects

Question 21

Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed; prohibiting recapping of needles, and not allowing blood splatter or aerosolization of blood while draining during the embalming process.

Answer 21

Work Practice Controls

Question 22

Any comtaminated object that can penetrate the skin include, but not limited to:

• Needles
• Scalpels
• Broken glass
• Exposed ends of wires

Answer 22

Contaminated Sharps

Question 23

Having a relatively low lethal dose.

Answer 23

Highly Toxic

Question 24

In contaminated air, the parts of vapor or gas (formaldehyde) per million parts of air by volume; in solution the parts of chemical per million parts of solution.

Answer 24

Parts Per Million (ppm)

Question 25

These levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure limit (PEL). The level for formaldehyde is 0.5ppm. Exposure limit usually one half of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) legal limit for a regulated substance.

Answer 25

Action Level (AL-Exposure Limits)

Question 26

The presence of the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface.

Answer 26

Contaminated

Question 27

Human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood.

Answer 27

Blood

Question 28

OSHA required receptacle for proper disposal of sharps.

Answer 28

Sharps Container

Question 29

Bleeding from the nose, a nosebleed.

Answer 29

Epistaxis

Question 30

Causing visible destruction of living tissue at point of contact.

Answer 30

Corrosive

Question 31

An agent or material exposing one to risk.

Answer 31

Hazardous Material

Question 32

Procedures that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace such as sharps disposal container, self-sheathing needles.

Answer 32

Engineering Controls

Question 33

Molecules of a compound in which the atoms have a slightly different configuration.

Answer 33

Isomers

Question 34

Extreme sensitivity to light.

Answer 34

Photophobia

Question 35

A major agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, concerned with all phases of control of communicable, vectorborne, and occupational diseases.

Answer 35

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP, CDC)

Question 36

OSHA regulation limiting the amount of occupation exposure to formaldehyde gas. Went into effect May of 1988.

Answer 36

Formaldehyde Rule

Question 37

A governmental agency with environmental protection regulatory and enforcement authority.

Answer 37

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Question 38

A material which can trigger an allergic reaction.

Answer 38

Allergen

Question 39

OSHA required safety device for a release of a copious amount of water in a short time.

Answer 39

Drench Shower

Question 40

Laundry which has been soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials or may contain sharps.

Answer 40

Contaminated Laundry

Question 41

A type of retrovirus that causes acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Answer 41

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Question 42

Lung disease characterized by fibrosis (scarring) caused by inhalation of dusts. I.e.: * Silica * Asbestos

Answer 42

Pneumoconiosis

Question 43

Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a body part, organ, or system.

Answer 43

Disease

Question 44

The application of chemical reagents in the treatment of disease in humans, causing an elevated preservation demand.

Answer 44

Chemotherapy

Question 45

Non-corrosive, but causing a reversible inflammatory effect at the point of contact.

Answer 45

Irritant

Question 46

A 5 percent sodium hypochlorite solution; twelve ounces of household bleach with 116 ounces of water yields one gallon of a 10% household bleach solution (5,000 ppm solution hypochlorite).

Answer 46

Household Bleach

Question 47

Disinfection of the surface of the body or an object.

Answer 47

Topical Disinfection

Question 48

Effect occurring at sites remote from the route of entry.

Answer 48

Systemic

Question 49

A severe, often fatal bacterial disease characterized by pneumonia, dry cough and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms.

Answer 49

Legionnaires Disease

Question 50

Hypodermic needles, surture needles, injector needles, scalpel blades, razor blades, pins and other items sharp enough to cause percutaneous injury, penetration of unbroken skin; may include other items normally not disposed of following use such as scissors, teeth, finger nails, and ribs.

Answer 50

Sharps

Question 51

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus (possibly as many as seven in number) capable of causing acute or chronic hepatitis illness. The transmission can be oral-fecal, parenteral, or sexual.

Answer 51

Viral Hepatitis

Question 52

An inflammatory skin disease marked by small vesicles in clusters, usually restriced to diseases caused by Herpes virus.

Answer 52

Herpes

Question 53

Inflammation of the liver; may be caused by a variety of agents, including viral infections, bacterial invasion, and physical or chemical agents. It is usually accompanied by fever, jaundice, and an enlarged liver.

Answer 53

Hepatitis

Question 54

An agent, usually chemical, applied to either inanimate objects/surfaces or to living tissues to destory disease-causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores.

Answer 54

Germicide

Question 55

The maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances. These are based on employee exposure that are time-weighted over an 8 hour work shift. When these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure. The limit for formaldehyde is .75ppm.

Answer 55

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

Question 56

A buzzing or ringing in the ears.

Answer 56

Tinnitus

Question 57

Apparatus that prevents the back-siphoning of contaminated liquids into potable water supply lines or plumbing cross-connections within the preparation room.

Answer 57

Vacuum Breaker

Question 58

Oven or appliance for sterilizing; an autoclave that disinfects by steam under pressure at temperatures above 100^oC.

Answer 58

Sterilizers

Question 59

A material which can cause inheritable genetic changes in offspring.

Answer 59

Mutagen

Question 60

Disease that may be transmitted either directly or indriectly between individuals by an infectious agent.

Answer 60

Communicable Disease

Question 61

A disease of the skin characterized by itching, redness and scaling.

Answer 61

Eczema

Question 62

Disease caused by the growth of a pahtogenic microorganism in the body.

Answer 62

Infectious Disease

Question 63

An approach to infection control. According this concept, all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens.

Answer 63

Universal Precautions

Question 64

Biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans.

Answer 64

Biohazard (Infectious Waste)

Question 65

A disease or disorder of the skin.

Answer 65

Dermatosis

Question 66

An abnormally excessive amount of albumin in the urine.

Answer 66

Albuminuria

Question 67

Causing an allergic reaction after repeated exposure.

Answer 67

Sensitizer

Question 68

Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to: * Hepatitis B virus (HBV) * Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 68

Bloodborne Pathogens

Question 69

Wound characterized by irregular tearing of tissue.

Answer 69

Laceration

Question 70

Unconsciousness produced by a drug, usually narcotics, and certain toxic chemicals.

Answer 70

Narcosis

Question 71

A Governmental agency with the responsibility for regulation and enforcement of safety and health matters for most United States Employees; an individual state OSHA agency may supersede the U.S. Department of Labor OSHA regulations.

Answer 71

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Question 72

Metabolic by-products that contain nitrogen, such as urea and uric acid. These compounds have a high affinity for formaldehyde and tend to neutralize embalming chemicals.

Answer 72

Nitrogenous Waste

Question 73

A swelling of tissue due to the collection of fluids.

Answer 73

Edema (Dropsy)

Question 74

Dizziness characterized by a sensation of whirling movement.

Answer 74

Vertigo

Question 75

Freedom from infection and from any form of life.

Answer 75

Asepsis (Sterility)

Question 76

OSHA regulation that deals with identifying and limiting exposure to occupational hazards. (Related to the OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration Act of 1986).

Answer 76

Hazard Communication Standard (Rule)

Question 77

Any change in structure produced during the course of a disease or injury.

Answer 77

Lesion

Question 78

An involuntary, rapid movement of the eyeball, usually from side to side.

Answer 78

Nystagmus

Question 79

Drugs or medicines.

Answer 79

Pharmaceutical Agents

Question 80

Capable of inducing growth of a tumor.

Answer 80

Tumorigenic

Question 81

This must accompany a hazardous product; a requirement of the Department of Labor and OSHA under the Hazard Communication Standard.

Answer 81

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Question 82

Irritation of the conjunctival lining of the eye, leading to swelling and redness.

Answer 82

Conjunctivitis

Question 83

General inflammation of the skin.

Answer 83

Dermatitis

Question 84

A material which can cause suffocation.

Answer 84

Asphyxiant

Question 85

Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of a worker's duties.

Answer 85

Occupational Exposure

Question 86

OSHA Regulation (29CFR 1910-1030) regulating the employee's exposure the blood and other body fluids. OSHA Definitions: Blood, human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood.

Answer 86

Bloodborne Pathogen Rule

Question 87

A material capable of causing an abnormal growth of tissue.

Answer 87

Neoplastic Agent

Question 88

Piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks, human bites, cuts and abrasions.

Answer 88

Parenteral

Question 89

Those items of protection worn to minimuze exposure to hazards; those items worn by the embalmer to avoid contact with blood and other body fluids. Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard.

Answer 89

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Question 90

A disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology, assumed to be a slow virus; because of unknown etiology, care givers using invasive procedure use extreme caution.

Answer 90

Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease

Question 91

Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms.

Answer 91

Sterilization