Exam 4- Accessory Fluids

Question 1

Supplemental or additive; these include pre-injecton, co-injection and humectant or restorative fluids.

Answer 1

Accessory Fluids

Question 2

A group of chemicals used in addition to vascular and cavity fluids.

• Most are applied to the surface of the body.

Answer 2

Accessory Chemicals

Question 3

• Hardening compounds
• Preservative powders
• Sealing agents
• Mold preventative agents
• Surface compresses

Answer 3

Various Types of Accessory Chemicals

Question 4

Have preservative power and also act as a moisture absorber.

Answer 4

Hardening Compound

Question 5

Has preservative power.

Answer 5

Preservative Powder

Question 6

Typically includes glues and adhesives.

Answer 6

Sealing Agents

Question 7

Phenol is commonly used for this purpose.

• Formaldehye is useless for this purpose.

Answer 7

Mold Preventative Agents

Question 8

Cotton saturated with cavity fluid or arterial fluid (the arterial fluid cannot contain active dyes for this purpose.)

Answer 8

Surface Compresses

Question 9

Fluids diluted with water to form a chemical solution used to prepare the body tissues and the vascular system for the arterial fluid solution.

Answer 9

Pre-Injection Fluids (Capillary Wash, Clot Dispersers)

Question 10

1. They attempt to dissolve blood clots but rather prevent further clotting. Minimally dissolve blood clots.
2. They do dilate the vascular system and slick the internal vessel walls causing better distribution and diffusion of arterial fluid solution.
3. They encourage better blood drainage.
4. They are used on non-autopsied bodies who present some kind of vascular difficulty. Does nothing on autopsy bodies because blood is already removed.

Answer 10

What do Pre-Injection and Co-Injections do?

Question 11

Never do this to an autopsied body.

Answer 11

Preinject

Question 12

To clear vascular system of blood and enable the arterial fluid solution to have greater distribution. A lengthy postmortem interval with livor mortis would be an example of a situation calling for pre-injection.

Answer 12

Purpose of Preinjection

Question 13

Control the rate of action of the main preservative chemicals in AFS. High HCHO indexes are harsh and would sear the tissues. Used to control the HCHO strength/speed of action.

Answer 13

Modifying Agents

Question 14

1. Surfactants
2. Water conditioning agents
3. Anti-coagulants
4. Deodorants
5. Humectants
6. Low concentration of preservatives
7. Inactive dyes
8. Buffers
9. Vehicles

Answer 14

Components of Modifying Agents

Question 15

Reduce surface tension, aid in distribution/diffusion (better preservation).

Answer 15

Surfactants

Question 16

Higher concentrations than anticoagulants and also treat water.

Answer 16

Water Conditioning Agents

Question 17

• Lubricate vascular system
• Prevent further blood clots
• Attempt to break up clots.

Answer 17

Anticoagulants

Question 18

Mask the odor of the astringent chemicals.

Answer 18

Deodorants (Masking or Perfuming Agents, formally referred to as Reodorants)

Question 19

Adds and helps retain moisture in the bodily tissues, prevents deyhdration.

Answer 19

Humectants

Question 20

Control the pH balance.

Answer 20

Buffers

Question 21

Also known as vectors, carriers, diluents.

Answer 21

Vehicles

Question 22

These are essentially humectant and formaldehyde controlling chemicals added to an arterial fluid solution forming a homogeneous mixture.

Answer 22

Coinjection fluid and Preinjection fluid

Question 23

To restore the vitally essential non-coagulating hydrophilic agents of the arterial fluid and to bolster all of the chemical ingredients contained in arterial fluid with the exception of the preservative-germicidial ingredients.

Answer 23

Purpose of Preinjection and Coinjection

Question 24

Similar chemicals combine to make a one in the same mixture. In this case, a stronger or fortified mixture.

Answer 24

Homogeneous Mixture

Question 25

This fluid is more viscous and heavier in comparison to other pre-coinjection fluids; this is due to their composition. These are not humectant or lanolin base arterial fluids but rather humectant base co-injection and can be added to regular arterial fluid solutions in varying proportions to create restorative fluid. Must shake the bottle.

Never use as a preinjection!

Answer 25

Humectant (Restorative Fluids)

Question 26

To retain body moisture and retard dehydration in the soft tissue areas. They are never to be used on edematous cases and obese cases (Unless using the restricted cervical method). The injection and drainage sites should be at the femoral artery and two drainage sites: femoral vein and right internal jugular vein.

Answer 26

Prupose of Humectants (Restorative Fluids)

Question 27

• Glycerol
• Glycol
• Sorbitol
• Emulsifiers
• Lanolin derivatives- must be water soluble lanolin.
• Natural and synthetic gums

Answer 27

Components of Humectants (Restorative Fluids)

Question 28

• Karaya
• Tragacanth

Answer 28

Vegetable Gums

Question 29

• Carboxycellulasic compounds
• Polymers of acrylic acid
• Polyvinylpyrrolidone

These are most often used and are replacing vegetable gums.

Answer 29

Synthetic Gums

Question 30

Should be used only as coinjection and added to the arterial solution only after initial injection has been completed and all surface discolorations have been cleared and all blood drainage exhausted. It should never, never be used as a preinjection or during arterial injection. The results would be disasterous. Femoral artery is the injection site.

• Use in the last half gallon of fluid (traditionally)

Answer 30

General Rule: Humectants

Question 31

Should be used when holding an embalmed remains for an unusually long period of time and when shipping remains out of state to prevent dehydration.

Answer 31

Restorative: Humectants