Must know Vocabulary Flashcards
1
Q
Antemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis.
A
Abrasion
2
Q
The process of taking in, as in a colored object which takes in certain rays of light and reflects other rays giving the object its recognizable color.
A
Absorption
3
Q
Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular (arterial) and cavity embalming fluids; includes but is not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack application agents.
A
Accessory Chemical
4
Q
These levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure limit (PEL). The level for formaldehyde is 0.5 ppm.
A
Action Level (AL-Exposure Limits)
5
Q
Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and also stain the body tissue cells.
A
Active Dyes (Staining Dyes, Cosmetic Dyes)
6
Q
A disease with a more or less rapid onset and short duration.
A
Acute
7
Q
Soft whitish crumbly or greasy material that forms upon the postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of body fats.
A
Adipocere (Grave Wax)
8
Q
Assimilation of gas, vapor, or dissolved matter by the surface of a solid or liquid.
A
Adsorption
9
Q
The pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body.
A
Actual Pressure
10
Q
In the presence of free oxygen.
A
Aerobic
11
Q
Period immediately before somatic death.
A
Agonal Period
12
Q
Method of injection-drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is open.
A
Alternate Drainage
13
Q
In the absence of free oxygen.
A
Anaerobic
14
Q
Severe generalized edema.
A
Anasarca
15
Q
A descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known.
A
Anatomical Guide
16
Q
Points of origin and points of termination in relation to adjacent structures; used to designate the boundaries of arteries.
A
Anatomical Limits
17
Q
The body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs are pointed away from the body.
A
Anatomical Position
18
Q
Before death.
A
Antemortem
19
Q
Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals.
A
Anticoagulant Fluid
20
Q
A non-toxic disinfectant suitable for the use on animal tissue.
A
Antiseptic
21
Q
Death brought about by a cessation of respiration or improper functioning of the respiratory apparatus; one of three modes of death described by Bichat.
A
Apnea
22
Q
Condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained.
A
Apparent Death
23
Q
A solution in which water is the solvent.
A
Aqueous Solution
24
Q
The concentrated, preservative, embalming chemicals that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming. The purpose is for inactivating saprophytic bacteria and rendering the body tissues less susceptible to decomposition.
A
Arterial (Vascular) Fluid
25
The mixture of arterial (vascular) fluid and water which is used for the arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids.
Arterial Solution
26
The term applied to a number of pathological conditions causing a thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries.
Arteriosclerosis
27
Accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity.
Ascites
28
Insufficient intake of oxygen resulting from numerous causes.
Asphyxia (Apnea)
29
Indicates a weakness or feebleness of any organ or function.
Asthenia
30
Fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occurring in atherosclerosis.
Atheroma
31
A form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls.
Atherosclerosis
32
The presence of bacteria in the blood.
Bacteremia
33
Resins combined with oil; a fragrant, resinous, oily exudate from various trees and plants.
Balsamic Substance
34
The arm pit.
Base of the Axillary Space
35
Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelopes the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle.
Anterior Boundary
36
Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelopes the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle.
Posterior Boundary
37
Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall.
Medial Boundary
38
Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the arm.
Lateral Boundary
39
A network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excision to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position.
Basket Weave Suture (Cross Stitch)
40
Acute, deep-seated inflammation in the skin which usually beings as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle.
Boil (Furuncle)
41
Individual stitch knotted at the tissue edge; may be applied prior to embalming to align tissues.
Bridge Suture (Temporary Interrupted Suture)
42
An injury caused by a blow without laceration.
Bruise (Ecchymosis, Contusion, Suggulation)
43
Vestibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeth.
Buccal Cavity
44
General deterioration of the body; a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting. It may occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.
Cachexia (Wasting Syndrome)
45
Dead human body used for medical purposes: including transplantation, anatomical dissection and study.
Cadaver
46
Several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue.
Carbuncle
47
A disease with a more of less slow onset and long duration.
Chronic
48
A prolongation of the last violent contraction of the muscles into the rigidity of death.
Cadaveric Spasm (Instantaneous Rigor Mortis)
49
The dome-like superior portion of the cranium; that portion removed cranial autopsy.
Calvarium
50
The total sum of those considerations given the case at hand, beginning before the embalming procedure is begun and continuing throughout the operation.
Case Analysis (Embalming Analysis)
51
A condition in which in which the vital signs of life are feebly maintained and there is a waxy rigidity of the body.
Catalepsy
52
An embalming instrument which is connected to a bottle of cavity fluid to aid in injecting the cavity fluid into the various cavities of the body.
Cavity Injector
53
Ascending/and or arch of the aorta.
Center of Fluid Distribution
54
Right atrium of the heart.
Center of Venous Drainage
55
Late 17th Century; An influential person in medical embalming who published a book about a method of embalming without evisceration (German).
Clauderus, Gabrial
56
A phase of somatic death lasting from 5-6 minutes in which life may be restored.
Clinical Death
57
Anaerobic, saprophytic, spore-forming bacterium responsible for tissue gas. Referred to as a gas bacillus.
Clostridium Perfringens (Clostridium Welchii)
58
A fluid used primarily to supplement and enhance the action of vascular (arterial) solutions.
Coinjection Fluid
59
The irreversible cessation of brain activity and loss of consciousness; death beginning at the brain.
Coma
60
Disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process.
Concurrent Disinfection
61
Method of drainage in which drainage occurs continuously during vascular (arterial) injection.
Concurrent Drainage
62
Mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white portion of the eye.
Conjunctiva
63
Transparent part of the tunic the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light into the interior.
Cornea
64
That portion of the cornea recovered for transplantation in situ. The cornea and sclera considered together comprising the tunica fibrosa or fibrous coat of the eye.
Corneal Sclera Button
65
Legal term referring to a dead body.
Corpse
66
An official of a local community who holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, and unexplained deaths.
Coroner
67
Having an abnormal amount of fat on the body.
Corpulence (Obesity)
68
That part of the human skull which encloses the brain.
Cranium
69
A luminous appearance like a candle flame, superstitiously thought to prestage death.
Death Candle
70
A kind of ignis fatuus (glow) supposed to forebode death.
Death Fire
71
Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria.
Decay
72
Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes.
Decomposition
73
Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one formally known as reodorants.
Deodorants (Masking Agents, Perfuming Agents)
74
The corium, or true skin.
Derma (Dermis, Skin)
75
Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane. Solutes are separated.
Dialysis (Selective Diffusion)
76
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached.
Diffusion
77
Passage of some components of the injected embalming solution from an intravascular to an extravascular location; movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids.
Diffusion (Solution)
78
Anatomical term describing fingers and toes; the thumb is #1 for each hand the the large toe is #1 for each foot.
Digits
79
An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores.
Disinfectant
80
The destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body.
Disinfection
81
The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries.
Distribution (Solution)
82
Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed.
Dry Gangrene (Ischemic Necrosis)
83
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities.
Edema (Dropsy)
84
Free floating object in the blood stream.
Embolism
85
Procedures that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace such as sharps disposal container, self-sheathing needles.
Engineering Controls
86
An organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition.
Enzyme
87
The outermost layer of skin.
Epidermis (Cuticle, Scarf Skin)
88
A microorganism that prefers an environment devoid of oxygen but has adapted so that it can live and grow in the presence of oxygen.
Facultative Aerobe
89
An organism that prefers an oxygen environment but is capable of living and growing in its absence.
Facultative Anaerobe
90
Removal or particles (liquid or solid) from a solution as it passes through a membrane or other partial barrier; both solvents and solutes pass through the membrane.
Filtration
91
The movement of the arterial solution through the capillaries into the intercellular spaces, from an intravascular to an extravascular position.
Fluid Diffusion
92
The movement of the arterial solution from the point of injection through the blood vascular system.
Fluid Distribution
93
Colorless, strong-smelling gas that when used in solution is a powerful preservative and disinfectant; a potential occupational carcinogen.
Formaldehyde (HCHO, CH2O)
94
1791-1882- An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to make embalming available to the public and who also wrote the first embalming text (first printing in French) (French)
Gannal, Jean
95
Necrosis, death of tissues or part of the body usually due to deficient or absent blood supply.
Gangrene
96
Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage; may be accompanied by bacterial infection.
Moist (Wet) Gangrene
97
Necrosis in a wound infected by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus, the most common etiologic agent being Clostridium perfringens.
Gas Gangrene
98
Extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body.
Gravity Filtration
99
Chemical in powder form that has the ability to absorb and to disinfect. Often used in cavity treatment of autopsied cases.
Hardening Compound
100
1796-1843- An influential person in medical embalming who translated Gannal's text into English and promoted embalming for sanitary purposes. (American)
Harlan, Richard
101
1578-1657- An influential person in medical embalming who discovered the circulation of blood in 1628. (British)
Harvey, Dr. William
102
The non-protein portion of hemoglobin; the red pigment of the hemoglobin.
Heme
103
The red respiratory portion of he blood cells; iron containing pigments of red blood cells functioning to carry oxygen to the cells.
Hemoglobin
104
Destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin.
Hemolysis
105
1817-1900- An influential person in medical embalming who is regarded as the "Father of modern embalming" and "Father of embalming in the United States." (American)
Holmes, Dr. Thomas
106
Body of a deceased person, including cremated remains.
Human Remains
107
Chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture.
Humectant
108
1728-1793- An influential person in medical embalming for whom Hunter's Canal is named. (Scottish)
Hunter, John
109
1718-1783- An influential person in medical embalming who is acknowledged as the first person to successfully adopt a method of arterial injection to preserve. (Scottish)
Hunter, Dr. William
110
A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared. A red blood cell placed in this kind of solution would shrivel up which is known as crenations.
Hypertonic Solution
111
Antemortem and/or postmortem intravascular settling of blood and/or other fluids to dependent portions of the body.
Hypostasis
112
A solution having lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared. A red blood cell placed in this kind of solution would burst which is known as hemolysis.
Hypotonic Solution
113
A preparation aid used in mouth closure. It is inserted into a needle injector and forced into the mandible and maxilla.
Injector Needle
114
A type of suture used to close incisions in such a manner that the ligature remains entirely under the epidermis.
Intradermal Suture (Hidden Stitch)
115
Between the cells of a structure.
Intercellular
116
Space between the ribs.
Intercostal Space
117
Method of drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues.
Intermittent Drainage (Restricted Drainage)
118
Fluid in the supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells (about one fifth of the body weight).
Interstitial Fluid
119
Within a cell or cells.
Intracellular
120
A solution having equal concentration of dissolved solute to that of a standard of reference.
Isotonic Solution
121
Conditions characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues and disposition of excessive bile pigments in the skin, cornea, body fluids, and mucous membranes with the resulting yellow appearance of the patient.
Jaundice (Icterus)
122
Wound characterized by irregular tearing of tissue.
Laceration
123
A fine growth of downy hair which is sometimes found on the face of a baby.
Lanugo
124
Any change in structure produced during the course of disease or injury.
Lesion
125
A chronic or acute disease of unregulated clonal proliferation of the stem cells of the blood forming tissues; resident cells eventually replaced by tumor cells.
Leukemia
126
Increase in the number of leukocytes (above 10,000 per cubic mm) in the blood, generally caused by infection and is usually transient.
Leukocytosis
127
A line drawn of visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper-lying structure.
Linear Guide
128
Postmortem, intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood. Usually will clear with arterial injection.
Livor Mortis (Cadaveric Lividity, Postmortem Lividity)
129
A single, noose-like structure, not pulled taut before knotting, which stands from the skin and which anchors restorative materials.
Loop Stitch
130
The cavity or opening of a vein, artery, or intestine.
Lumen
131
A specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues.
Lysin
132
Organelle that exists within a cell, but separates from the cell; contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins and certain carbohydrates.
Lysosome
133
In its broadest sense, refers to the moistening and softening of any tissue decomposing in a liquid medium.
Maceration
134
An insect larva; especially flies.
Maggot
135
1628-1694- An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to note capillary circulation and was later known as the "Father of Microscopic Anatomy," or "Father of Histology." (Italian)
Malpighi, Marcello
136
The horseshoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw.
Mandible
137
A paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit.
Maxilla
138
Toward the midline.
Medial
139
An official elected or appointed to investigate suspicious or unnatural deaths.
Medical Examiner
140
That amount of radioactive material in which 37 million atoms disintegrate each second.
Millicure (mc)
141
Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicted upon the type of embalming, the environment and the embalming fluid to be used.
Modifying Agents
142
Space between the roof of the mouth and the floor of the cranial cavity.
Nasal Cavity
143
Antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacement.
Necrobiosis
144
Postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition.
Autopsy (Necropsy)
145
Pathological death of a tissue still part of the living organism.
Necrosis
146
A mechanical device used to impel specifically designed metal pins into bone.
Needle Injector
147
The mouth and the vestibule, or the opening to the throat.
Oral Cavity
148
The passage of solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Solvents are separated.
Osmosis (Hindered Diffusion)
149
Method by which solutes and/or solvents cross through a membrane with no energy provided by the cells of the membrane. In embalming, examples include pressure filtration, dialysis, diffusion, and osmosis.
Passive Transport System
150
The maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances. These are based on employee exposures that are time-weighted over an eight-hour work shift. When these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure. The limit for formaldehyde is .75ppm.
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
151
To force a fluid through (an organ or tissue), especially by way of the blood vessels; injection during vascular (arterial) embalming.
Perfusion
152
Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin.
Petechia (Hemorrhagic Effusion)
153
An antiseptic/disinfectant employed to dry moist tissues and to beach discolored tissues. This is a derivative of coal tars.
Phenol (Carbolic Acid)
154
Condition in which interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation.
Pitting Edema
155
Extravascular color change that occurs when heme, released by hemolysis of red blood cells, seeps through the vessel walls and into the body tissues. Will not substantially clear through arterial injection.
Postmortem Stain (Laking)
156
The action of a force against an opposing force (a force applied or acting against resistance).
Pressure
157
The pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls measure in millimeters of mercury.
Blood Pressure
158
The difference between potential and actual pressure.
Differential Pressure
159
The amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial resistance within (intravascular) or on (extravascular) the vascular system (arterial or venous).
Injection Pressure
160
Pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expand and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration.
Intravascular Pressure
161
The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off.
Potential Pressure
162
A motorized injector used to create positive pressure as required in vascular embalming.
Pressure Embalming Machine
163
Positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming solution through the capillary wall to diffuse with the interstitial fluids; causing passage of embalming fluid from an intravascular to an extravascular position.
Pressure Filtration
164
Organic compound found in plants and animals; can be broken down into amino acids.
Protein
165
A suture made around the circumference of a circular opening or puncture to close it or to hold the margins in position.
Purse String Suture
166
Supplemental fluid, use with the regular arterial solution whose purpose is to retain body moisture and retard dehydration.
Restorative Fluid (Humectant)
167
Method of injection wherein both common carotid arteries are raised.
Restricted Cervical Injection
168
Inner lining of the eye that receives the images formed by the lens and transmits those images to the brain through the optic nerve.
Retina
169
1665-1717- An influential person in medical embalming who is known as the "Father of Embalming." (Dutch)
Ruysch, Frederick
170
As related to decomposition, the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere or grave wax.
Saponification (Process of Soap Formation)
171
Pathological state, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the blood or other tissues.
Sepsis
172
Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood.
Septicemia
173
Legal limits established by OSHA to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without damage or injury. Exposures at this level should not be fore more than 15 minutes and not repeated more than 4 times per work day.
Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
174
Drug-induced edema wherein the excess fluid is located within the cell. Upon palpation, there is no noticeable depression.
Solid Edema
175
The substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Solute
176
Liquid containing dissolved substance.
Solution
177
A liquid holding another substance in solution.
Solvent
178
Death of the organism as a whole.
Somatic Death
179
Distension of the tissues beneath the skin by gas or air; an antemortem condition brought about by a surgical procedure or trauma.
Subcutaneous Emphysema
180
Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection. These fluids generally fall into one of three categories: preinjection, coinjection, and humectants or restorative fluids.
Supplemental Fluid
181
Chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures.
Surfactant (Surface Tension Reducer; Wetting, Penetrating, or Surface-Active Agent)
182
Postmortem accumulation of gas in tissues or cavities brought about by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus, ex. Clostridium perfringens.
Tissue Gas
183
An evaluation of exposures that are time-weighted over an established period. It allows the exposure levels to be averaged generally over an eight-hour time period.
Time-Weighted Average (TWA)
184
1632-1723- "Father of Bacteriology." He made his own microscopes which were superior to that of any time. He gave the first complete account of the red blood cell. He demonstrated the capillary connections between arteries and veins. "Father of Microbiology." (Dutch)
Van Leeuwenhoek, Anthony
185
Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed; prohibiting recapping of needles, and not allowing blood splatter or aerosolization of blood while draining during the embalming process.
Work Practice Controls
186
A method of suturing an incision along the edges without entering the opening whereby the suture becomes invisible and the line of suture becomes depressed, which ends it ease of concealment by waxing.
Worm Suture
