Test 3- Chemistry Flashcards
Act on proteins to firm tissues and MOST kill bacteria and saprophytic spores. It is also used to turn the tissues that bacteria use as a food source into a non food source. (Turns Soluble Albumins into Insoluble Albuminoids).
Preservatives
Destroy most bacteria but not saprophytic spores. They also turn soluble albumins into insoluble albuminoids.
Germicides
Water conditioning agents and these are very similar. They enhance blood drainage and also treat minerals (hard water).
Anticoagulants
- Lubricating the vascular system to prevent blood clots.
- Attempt to break up blood clots.
- Treat minerals like iron, calcium, and magnesium.
3 Ways Anticoagulants and Water Conditioners Help With Drainage
Also known as:
- Diluters
- Carriers
- Vectors
Vehicles
Thin the viscosity of fluid to get better penetration and in turn better preservation.
Surfactants (Wetting Agents)
Used to make a life like appearance, or cover discoloration or impart color to the fluids themselves.
Dyes
Hide HCHO fumes, Historically called reodorants because they do not destory the odor. They simply hide/mask it.
Deodorants
Add moisture to the tissues and help to retain moisture.
Humectants
Control the pH of formaldehyde and other chemicals.
Buffers
- Always wear safety goggles
- Wear PPE’s
- Gloves
- Deceased’s face covered while being moved
- Have proper hazard protection available
- Address any spills
- Never use HCHO based chemicals as an antiseptic.
- Maintain current MSDS sheets on all chemicals.
- Flush all chemical bottles and be sure to place the cap tightly back on the empty bottle.
- Always keep embalming machine and chemicals covered.
- Bleach and HCHO + a catalyst
- Add chemicals to the tank only after water is added.
- Keep viscera pale covered when in use.
- Keep lid to biohazardous waste covered.
Work Safe Practices
Gas ported, 2% HCHO solutions and phenol based chemicals.
Always Wear Safety Goggles
That are appropriate for the circumstances.
Wear PPE’s
OSHA requires that these be used whenever you come into contact with the dead human body. That includes, initial removal (transfer), embalming preparation, dressing, cosmetics and casketing.
Gloves
This is to prevent particulate matter from coming into contact with the embalmer or anyone else in the area.
OSHA requires that the face of the deceased be covered whenever being moved.
Examples are the drench shower, eye wash, fire estinguisher, etc.
Have Proper Hazard Protection Available
Whenever working in the prep-room, always have this on. This includes using simple products that are considered non-toxic (example: drying powder- prolonged exposure to any type of hazard can be harmful.)
Exhaust Ventilation System
Household ammonia should be poured onto HCHO spills and cleaned up with cold water placing contents in an air tight bag. This is because ammonia neutralizes formaldehyde, the bag contains fumes.
Address any Spills of Chemicals no Matter how Small the Amount
HCHO is a disinfectant is is unsuitable for living tissues because it is toxic.
Never use HCHO based chemicals as an antiseptic.
Material Safety and Data Sheets.
Maintain (current) MSDS Sheets on all Chemicals.
Flush all chemical _____ and be sure to place the cap tightly back on the empty _____.
Bottles
Always keep the ____ _____ and unused bottles of chemicals covered.
Embalming Machine
Mixed with a catalyst can cause Bischlorometyl Ether (BCME)- Carcinogen.
Bleach and Formaldehyde
Pour these into the tank only after the water has been added. This prevents backsplash of chemicals (aerosolized chemicals) and is an OSHA regulation.
Embalming Chemicals
Keep ___ ___ covered when in use.
Viscera Pale
Keep the lid to _____ ____ covered.
Biohazardous Waste
Are liquid agents, solutions of solids, liquids, and gases which can be injected into the body arterially or hypodermically or can be applied to the surface as a spray, wash, pack, or gel.
Embalming Fluids
Often are the main chemicals common to all embalming solutions. The remainder of ingredients varies greatly from manufacturer to manufacturer.
- Formaldehyde (HCHO, CH2O)
- Methyl Alcohol (Methanol)
The fundamental purpose of embalming fluid.
Vascular Injection
The two distinct categories that embalming fluid or embalming chemicals can be subdivided into.
- Arterial Fluid
- Cavity Fluid
Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection. Generally fall into a couple of categories:
- Pre-injection
- Co-injection (humectants and restorative fluids)
Supplemental Fluids
- Preinjection
- Coinjection
- Bleaching Agents
- Astringent Fluids
- Edematous Fluids
- Germicide Enhancers
- Humectants
- Water-Conditioners
- Active Dyes
The 9 Types of Supplemental Fluids
Fluids that can be injected prior to the AFS being injected.
- Examples: Anticoagulants, water conditioners
Pre-Injection
All pre-injection fluid can be used as a ________. It is only a matter of when to use them.
Co-Injection
Not all coinjection fluids can be used as _______ fluids.
Preinjection
Fluids that are injected simultaneously with the arterial fluid.
- Examples: Active dyes, water conditioners, anticoagulants, humectants, edematous fluids, etc.
Co-injection
These fluids can sometimes be used as a co-injection (though that is rare) or by themselves topically or hypodermically.
Bleaching Agents
Used for excessive moisture. They are Hypotonic Solutions. Typically 30+ index.
- Edema
- Excess moisture
- Tissue gas
- Trauma cases
- Advanced decomposition
Astringent Fluids