Vocabulary for Exam 4

Question 1

Method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and through the mentalis muscle of the chin.

Answer 1

Musculature (Muscular) Suture

Question 2

The movement of the arterial solution through the capillaries into the intercellular spaces, from an intravascular to an extravascular position.

Answer 2

Fluid Diffusion

Question 3

Condition in which interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation.

Answer 3

Pitting Edema

Question 4

Postmortem accumulation of gas in tissues or cavities brought about by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus- Clostridium perfringens.

Answer 4

Tissue Gas

Question 5

These levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure limit (PEL).

Answer 5

Action Level (AL-Exposure Limits)

Question 6

Legal limits established by OSHA to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without damage or injury.

• Exposures that reach this limit should not be more than 15 minutes and not repeated more than 4 times per work day.

Answer 6

Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)

Question 7

The pressure which is indicated by the injector gague needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body.

Answer 7

Actual Pressure

Question 8

A wasting; decrease in size of an organ or tissue.

Answer 8

Atrophy

Question 9

Conditions characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues and deposition of excessive bile pigment in the skin, cornea, body fluids, and mucous membranes with the resulting yellow appearance of the patient.

Answer 9

Jaundice (Icterus)

Question 10

Antemortem and/or postmortem settling of blood and/or other fluids to dependent portions of the body.

Answer 10

Hypostasis

Question 11

Method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and around the mandible.

Answer 11

Mandibular Suture

Question 12

Removal of particles (liquid or solid) from a solution, as it passes through a membrane or other partial barrier.

Answer 12

Filtration

Question 13

Weakening of the embalming solution by the fluids in the body, both vascular and interstitial.

Answer 13

Secondary Dilution

Question 14

The building phase of postmortem metabolism. (Part of postmortem caloricity)

Answer 14

Anabolism

Question 15

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in a saclike structure, especially the scrotal sac.

Answer 15

Hydrocele

Question 16

Pathological death of a tissue still part of the living organism.

Answer 16

Necrosis

Question 17

Chemicals which kill or render incapible of reproducing disease causing microorganisms.

Answer 17

Germicide

Question 18

Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals.

Answer 18

Anticoagulant

Question 19

Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ or the body.

Answer 19

Hypoplasia

Question 20

The rise in temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism.

• Anabolism
• Catabolism

Answer 20

Postmortem Caloricity

Question 21

An agent used to remove chemical constituents from municipal water supplies that could interfere with drainage and preservation.

Answer 21

Water Conditioner

Question 22

An evaluation of exposures that are time-weighted over an established period. It allows the exposure levels to be averaged generally over an eight-hour time period.

Answer 22

Time Weighted Average (TWA)

Question 23

An organic compound containing nitrogen; any compounds formed when ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals.

• The general formula for a primary is R-NH2.

Answer 23

Amine

Question 24

Chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture.

Answer 24

Humectant

Question 25

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall.

Answer 25

Medial Border (Axillary Space)

Question 26

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Answer 26

Solute

Question 27

Destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin.

Answer 27

Hemolysis

Question 28

Circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that ends in suppuration and is accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as fever and leukocytosis; several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue.

Answer 28

Carbuncle

Question 29

Within a cell or cells.

Answer 29

Intracellular

Question 30

The red respiratory portion of the red blood cells, iron containing pigment of red blood cells functioning to carry oxygen to the cells.

Answer 30

Hemoglobin

Question 31

An organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition.

Answer 31

Enzyme

Question 32

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelopes the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle.

Answer 32

Anterior Boundary (Axillary Space)

Question 33

Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the embalming fluid to be used, type of embalming, and the environment.

Answer 33

Modifying Agents

Question 34

A protein found in blood plasma.

Answer 34

Albumin

Question 35

Any one of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of putrefactive baceria on proteins. * Indole * Skatole * Cadaverine * Putrescine

Answer 35

Ptomaine

Question 36

The dilution attained as the embalming solution is mixed in the embalming machine.

Answer 36

Primary Dilution

Question 37

Colorless, strong-smelling gas that when used in solution is a powerful preservative and disinfectant; a potential occupational carcinogen.

Answer 37

Formaldehyde (HCHO, CH₂O)

Question 38

Postmortem evacuation of any substance from an external orifice of the body as a result of pressure.

Answer 38

Purge

Question 39

Chemical in powder form that has the ability to absorb and to disinfect. Often used in cavity treatment of autopsied cases.

Answer 39

Hardening compound

Question 40

The pressure indicated by the injector gague needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off.

Answer 40

Potential Pressure

Question 41

An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores.

Answer 41

Disinfectant

Question 42

An influential person in medical embalming who is regarded as the "Father of Modern Embalming" and the "Father of Embalming in The United States." (American)

Answer 42

Dr. Thomas Holmes (1817-1900)

Question 43

Chemical in powder form, typically used for surface embalming of the remains.

Answer 43

Preservative Powder

Question 44

Postmortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature.

Answer 44

Algor Mortis

Question 45

The passage of solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane.

Answer 45

Osmosis (Hindered Diffusion)

Question 46

As related to decomposition, the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy, waxy substance called adipocere or grave wax.

Answer 46

Saponification (Process of Soap Formation)

Question 47

The destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body.

Answer 47

Disinfection

Question 48

Intravascular: The increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels which is a specific type of congealing.

Answer 48

Aggutination

Question 49

The deep later of skin under the epidermis.

Answer 49

Derma (Dermis, Skin, Corium, True Skin)

Question 50

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelopes the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle.

Answer 50

Posterior Boundary (Axillary Space)

Question 51

A specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues.

Answer 51

Lysin

Question 52

The difference between potential and actual pressure.

Answer 52

Differential Pressure

Question 53

Extravascular color change that occurs when heme, released by hemolysis of red blood cells, seeps through the vessel walls and into the body tissues.

Answer 53

Postmortem Stain (Laking)

Question 54

A liquid holding another substance in solution.

Answer 54

Solvent

Question 55

A non-toxic disinfectant suitable for the use on animal tissue.

Answer 55

Antiseptic

Question 56

The movement of the arterial solution from the point of injection through the blood vascular system.

Answer 56

Fluid Distribution

Question 57

Organic compound found in plants and animals; can be broken down into amino acids.

Answer 57

Protein

Question 58

An influential person in medical embalming who is known as the "Father of Embalming." (Dutch)

Answer 58

Frederick Ruysch (1665-1717)

Question 59

Pathologic state, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the blood and other tissues.

Answer 59

Sepsis

Question 60

General deterioration of the body; a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting. It may occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.

Answer 60

Cachexia (Wasting Syndrome)

Question 61

Extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body.

Answer 61

Gravity Filtration

Question 62

Grey discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde from the embalming process with hemoglobin to form methyl hemoglobin.

Answer 62

Formaldehyde Grey

Question 63

Positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming solution through the capillary causing passage of embalming fluid from an intravascular through capillary walls to diffuse with the interstitial fluids; extravascular position.

Answer 63

Pressure Filtration

Question 64

A paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit.

Answer 64

Maxilla

Question 65

Between the cells of a structure.

Answer 65

Intercellular

Question 66

Organelle that exists within a cell, but separate from the cell; contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins and certain carbohydrates.

Answer 66

Lysosome

Question 67

Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular (arterial) and cavity embalming fluids; includes but is not limited to: * Hardening compounds * Preservative powders * Sealing agents * Mold preventative agents * Pack application agents

Answer 67

Accessory Chemicals

Question 68

Absorption of the fluid portion of blood by the tissues after death resulting in postmortem edema.

Answer 68

Imbibition

Question 69

Drug-induced edema wherein the excess fluid is located within the cell. Upon palpation, there is no noticable depression.

Answer 69

Solid Edema

Question 70

The presence of bacteria in the blood.

Answer 70

Bacteremia

Question 71

Antemortem necrosis in a wound infected by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus, the most common etiologic agent being Clostridium perfringens.

Answer 71

Gas Gangrene

Question 72

The action of a force against an opposing force (a force applied or acting against resistance).

Answer 72

Pressure

Question 73

Soft whiteish crumbly or greasy material that forms upon the postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of body fats.

Answer 73

Adipocere (Grave Wax)

Question 74

Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage; may be accompanied by bacterial infection.

Answer 74

Wet (Moist) Gangrene

Question 75

Acute, deep-seated inflammation in the skin which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling of a hair follicle.

Answer 75

Boil (Furuncle)

Question 76

Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection.

Answer 76

Supplemental Fluids

Question 77

Postmortem, intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood can usually be cleared via arterial injection and drainage.

Answer 77

Livor Mortis (Cadaveric Lividity, Postmortem Lividity)

Question 78

A substance bringing about precipitation. * The oxilates formerly used in water conditioning chemicals are now illegal because of the poisinous nature to the embalmer.

Answer 78

Precipitant

Question 79

Fluid in the supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells (about one-fifth of the body weight).

Answer 79

Interstitial Fluid

Question 80

The horseshoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw.

Answer 80

Mandible

Question 81

Antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacement. * Most cells in the body are completely replaced every 14 years.

Answer 81

Necrobiosis

Question 82

Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed.

Answer 82

Dry Gangrene

Question 83

A chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base (pH) balance within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissues.

Answer 83

Buffers

Question 84

Distension of the tissues beneath the skin by gas or air; an antemortem condition brought about by a surgical procedure or trauma. (Not caused by bacteria).

Answer 84

Subcutaneous Emphysema

Question 85

Injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and a needle or trocar.

Answer 85

Hypodermic Embalming

Question 86

Building blocks of which proteins are constructed, and the end products of protein digestion or hydrolysis. * Their basic formula: NH2-CHR-COOH * An amino group (NH2) * An alpha carbon * Any aliphatic or aromatic radical * And a carboxyl group (COOH)

Answer 86

Amino Acid

Question 87

An injury caused by a blow without laceration; a contusion.

Answer 87

Bruise (Ecchymosis)

Question 88

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained.

Answer 88

Exsanguination

Question 89

The breakdown phase in postmortem metabolism that releases heat and energy. (Part of postmortem caloricity).

Answer 89

Catabolism

Question 90

Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for nutrition the media upon decomposition which such bacteria thrive, and which will arrest by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decomposable tissue to a form less susceptibe to decomposition.

Answer 90

Preservative (Fixer)

Question 91

The non protein portion of hemoglobin; the red pigment of the hemoglobin.

Answer 91

Heme

Question 92

Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane.

Answer 92

Dialysis (Selective Diffusion)

Question 93

To force a fluid through (an organ or tissue), especially by way of the blood vessels; injection during vascular (arterial) embalming.

Answer 93

Perfusion

Question 94

The maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances. These are based on employee exposure that are time-weighted over an eight-hour work shift. When these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure for Formaldehyde. * For formaldehyde, the limit is .75ppm

Answer 94

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

Question 95

A condition in which the vital signs of life are feebly maintained and there is a waxy rigidity of the body.

Answer 95

Catalepsy

Question 96

The increase in size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells.

Answer 96

Hyperplasia

Question 97

Distension of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys with urine as a result of obstruction.

Answer 97

Hydronephrosis

Question 98

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the brain.

Answer 98

Hydrocephalus

Question 99

Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood.

Answer 99

Septicemia

Question 100

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the arm.

Answer 100

Lateral Boundary (Axillary Space)