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Embalming > Lecture notes 3- MORS 113 > Flashcards

Lecture notes 3- MORS 113 Flashcards

1
Q

The type of casket and local custom will determine how these are positioned.

A

Arms and Hands

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2
Q

Should be kept as close to the sides of the body as possible.

A

Elbows

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3
Q

The hands can be _______.

  • Mutilation is the exception
A

Overlapped

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4
Q

Gloves may be necessary.

A

Extreme mutilation of the hands

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5
Q

Always wrap the hands and fingers with this at the conclusion of the embalming process to prevent hand and finger spreading. You can also use a rubber band around the thumb and index finger, but this is not advisible when shipping to other funeral homes.

A

Towel

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6
Q

Placing the hands in this position is also an option. The hands are cupped and placed on the stomach.

A

Lesiurely Position

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7
Q

The distance from the hand to the throw should be _____ to that from the head to the casket flange.

A

Equal

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8
Q

Be sure these are straight and close together; if necessary, tie them together at the knees immediately after embalming. You could also use a head block to achieve this.

A

Positioning the Legs

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9
Q

The head may be tilted no more than ___ degrees to the right.

A

15

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10
Q

Should not be too high in the air or too low on the chest, with the shoulders even with the casket’s top body flange (Rim of casket).

A

Chin

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11
Q

Check these for leakage after embalming and check the earlobes and nostrils for straightness and roundness.

A

The Carotid Incisions

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12
Q

The chin should be slightly elevated on obese persons to:

A

Make the neck appear thinner

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13
Q

Body should be centered utilizing the head panel- the roll (cove or puffing) acting as a picture frame.

A

Perfection Half Couch Casket

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14
Q

At no time should a _____ be placed under the deceased’s shoulders because the shoulders become too accentuated especially with the obese.

  • Place prosthesis- positioning device- under the shoulder.
  • You can use empty embalming bottles for this purpose, but this raises problems with disinternment.
A

Pillow

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15
Q

Should be positioned above the shoulders with the head perfectly centered. The bottom of this should cover the top of the shoulders.

A

The Pillow

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16
Q

Prepare face and hands with massage cream ______ injection to prevent dehydration.

  • Also acts as a base for massage.
A

Prior to

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17
Q

Pack all _____ _____ as necessary, then use protective garments.

  • I.e., the nostrils: fly larve can live on embalmed tissue so it may be best to pack them with cotton.
A

External Orifices

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18
Q

Bathe the entire body after embalming. Use tepid water (never hot_ and a quality liquid _____ _____.

A

Antiseptic Soap

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19
Q

Be sure that fingernails are properly ________.

A

Manicured

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20
Q

For this purpose, always use a recent photo of the deceased.

  • Driver’s license
  • State ID
  • Facebook
A

Hair properly cut and styled

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21
Q

Prepare to dress and casket the deceased.

A

Final step in positioning the body

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22
Q
  • Gravity Method
  • The bulb syringe method
  • Manual injection, hand pump and jug method
  • The air pressure machines
    • Mechanical machine (Eckel’s)
    • Hydraulic machine (Moore)
    • Compressed air canister (CO2 canister, metallic cylinder)
  • Motorized centrifugal forced pump machine
  • Non corrosive polyethylene sprayer tank
A

Methods of Injection and Creating Fluid Pressure

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23
Q
  • Dates back to 1500AD - early anatomists
  • Consists of a glass bottle (gravity bottle or percolator), having a 2-4qt capacity, attached to a mobile stand wiht a height adjustor. Attached to the percolator is a standard valentine tube of soft rubber, one end having a cannula by a link made of pure latex, and the other having a funnel which connects it to the percolator.
A

Gravity Method

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24
Q

Using the gravity method, for each ____ foot of elevation of the percolator, the pressure of injection increases by .434 pounds.

  • 1/2 lb of pressure per foot from the height of the column of liquid to the point of injection.
  • 1lb of pressure for each 28 inches of height from the column of liquid to the point of injection.
A

One

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25
Q
  • It creates a constant flow of arterial fluid solution.
  • The low cost of equipment
  • Requires no mechanical apparatus
  • Requires no electricity
A

Advantages of the Gravity Method

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26
Q
  • Affords limited pressure range due to the limited height you can achieve from the mobile stand.
  • There is a small unit of volume, usually no more than one gallon.
  • It is inconvenient to fill the percolator.
A

Disadvantages of the Gravity Method

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27
Q
  • The simplest possible form of injection apparatus
  • Consists of a bulb type syringe made of rubber and attached to or interinjected into a valentine tube.
  • Vavles are provided in the syringe to prevent regurgitation of the arterial fluid solution when the bulb is squeezed.
  • Was an evolutionary improvement over gravitation.
  • It is often used in combination with the gravitation method.
A

Bulb Syringe Method

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28
Q
  • Convenient and easy to use.
  • Inexpensive to purchase and operate (no electricity).
  • Will develop some variation in the pressure range.
  • Requires no electricity
A

Advantages of the Bulb Syringe Method

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29
Q
  • Rubber deterioates rapidly and valves fail.
  • Requires the constant use of one hand whic hinders the embalmer’s activity.
  • Creates a variable pressure with an unknown maximum.
A

Disadvantages of the Bulb Syringe Method

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30
Q
  • Popular prior to 1930
  • Consists of a hand operated double action pneumatic pump, rubber or plastic tubing, a gooseneck having two holes inserted into either a one gallon glass jug or a heavy duty glass jar.
  • For safety, always keep the jug or jar in a container because of the danger of explosion during injection and implosion during aspiration.
A

Manual Injection, hand pump and jug method

31
Q

That air is pumped into the jug or jar which forces the fluid out through an arterial tube and into the arterial system (a displacement principal).

  • The process can be reversed for aspiration by reversing the pump.
A

Principal of the Operation of the Manual Injection (Hand pump and jug method)

32
Q
  • Creates a wide pressure range
  • Can be used as a method of both injection and aspiration. Will create a vacuum for aspiration.
  • It is sensitive to the internal vascular pressures. Increased resistance in vascular system may be able to be detected in the operator’s thumb.
  • Requires no electricity.
A

Advantages of the Manual Injection (hand pump and jug method)

33
Q
  • Inconvenient when refilling the container
  • Requires the constant use of one hand, often two, like the bulb syringe method.
  • Has no pressure gague or regulator, thus a great irregularity of pressure with an unknown maximum.
  • Because the system produces a terrific amount of pressure. swelling of the neck and facial features is common.
  • There is the danger of implosion or explosion.
A

Disadvantages of the Manual Injection (Hand pump and jug method)

34
Q
  • Popular from 1930-1950
  • Any mechanical apparatus in which a column of air is forced under pressure into a fluid chamber, displacing the fluid solution and moving it out into the arterial system.
  • Improvement on the hand pump and jug method, buy basically it involves the same principal.
A

The Air Pressure Machine

35
Q
  1. Mechanical Machine (Eckel’s embalming machine)
  2. Hydraulic Machine (Moore Embalming Machine)
  3. The compressed air cansiter, the CO2 canister, or metallic cylinder
A

Three Types of Air Pressure Machines

36
Q
  • The mechanical and hydraulic machines can both inject and aspirate.
  • They are convenient because they free the embalmer’s hands to do more important tasks.
  • They develop a wise pressure range to overcome vascular obstructions.
  • They have the ability to maintain a constant pressure and they have pressure gauges and regulators for safety reasons.
A

Advantages of Air Pressure Machines

37
Q

Was the forerunner of the electric aspirator.

A

Mechanical Air Pressure Machine

38
Q

Has a hydro-aspirator type attachment.

A

Hydraulic machine

39
Q
  • They are extremely dangerous because many employ glass fluid containers which may explode during injection and implode during aspiration. It is highly recommended that a metal bottle guard or rubber trash can be used with these machines.
  • They usually have small unit injection volumes, seldom more than one gallon.
  • They are inconvient to refill
  • They require frequent servicing.
  • They may cause the features to swell if any air is forced into the vascular system (subcutaneous emphysema)
  • They are very noisy.
A

Disadvantages of Air Pressure Machines

40
Q

This air pressure machine cannot aspirate; it cannot create a vacuum.

A

Compressed air canister, CO2 canister, metallic cylinder

41
Q
  • Popular since 1945
  • Air pressure machines eventually replaced by the development of the motorized fluid pump apparatus, which provides flexibility of pressure range, ease of control and a maximum uniformity of pressure, became the difference.
  • Classified as either pulsating or non pulsating.
A

Motorized Centrifugal Forced Pump Machine (Modern Embalming Machine)

42
Q

Any force pump that can imitate the action of the human heart by vibrating the fluid through the vascular system by mechanical fluctuation of the pressure.

A

Pulsating

43
Q

Any force pump that will maintain a constant pressure and a constant rate of flow without a fluctuation.

A

Non-Pulsating

44
Q

A belt driven machine containing a 204 gallon tank with at least a rate of flow and a pressure control and needing of auxillary equipment.

A

Description of Motorized Centrifugal Force Machine (Modern Embalming Machine)

45
Q
  • It is the most reliable method of injection used today.
  • No subordinate equipment is necessary, it is a self-contained unit.
  • It has a high-pressure range- some as high as 200lbs
  • It has a large unit volume, eliminating the need to constantly refill the machine. Some have as large as a 4 gallon tank.
  • It will maintain a constant rate or flow and pressure.
A

Advantages of the Motorized Centrifugal Force Machine (Modern Embalming Machine)

46
Q

Shell embalming can result from this.

A

High Pressure

47
Q
  1. Need frequent servicing
  2. It requires the constant attention of the embalmer
A

Disadvantages of the Motorized Centrifugal Force Machine (Modern Embalming Machine)

48
Q
  • Broken belts
  • Leaky base plate gaskets
  • Corroded or oxidized base plates
  • The motor burns up
  • The pump burns up
  • The glass tank breaks when carried improperly
A

Motorized Centrifugal Force Machine (Modern Embalming Machine)- Needs Frequent Servicing

49
Q
  • Facial feature swelling
  • If allowed to run when the tank is empty, the motor and the pump will burn up.
  • Never leave the tank dry; when you are finished injecting, run at least 2-3 tanks of clean water through the machine and leave at least 1 quart of water in the tank.
    • To prevent oxidation of the base plate
    • To keep the base plate gasket moist in order to prevent dry rotting and leaky conditions.
A

Motorized Centrifugal Force Machine (Modern Embalming Machine)- Requires constant attention of the emblamer.

50
Q

Self-contained, soft rubber manual pump designed to create pressure to deliver fluid as it passes through one-way valves located within the bulb. It is used only to deliver fluids. it cannot be used for aspiration.

A

Bulb Syringe

51
Q

An embalming instrument which is connected to a bottle of cavity fluid to aid in injecting the cavity fluid into the various cavities of the body.

A

Cavity Injector

52
Q

Embalming machine that uses an electrical pump to create pressure either pulsating or non-pulsating.

A

Centrifugal Force Machine (Modern Embalming Machine)

53
Q

A methid if creating injection pressure in which a bulb syringe is built into the tubing of the gravity percolator.

A

Combination gravity method- bulb syringe

54
Q

A type of air pressure apparatus where air or CO2 is pump from tanks into a fluid chamber to create pressure.

A

Compressed Air or Gas, CO2 apparatus

55
Q

Tubular instrument of varying diameter and shape, preferably with a plunger that is inserted into a vein to aid in drainage of blood and to restrict the exit of vascular embalming fluid.

A

Drain Tube

56
Q

An embalming instrument which allows the removal of blood from the body without using the conventional drain tube.

A

Drainage Forceps

57
Q

Preparation room equipment which is specifically designed for the dressing of the deceased.

A

Dressing Table

58
Q

Preparation room equipment which may serve for both embalming and dressing of the deceased.

A

Combination Table

59
Q

An electrically heated blade which may be used to dry moist tissue, reduce swollen tissue, and restore contour.

A

Electric Spatula

60
Q

Preparation room equipment on which human remains are placed for the embalming procedure.

A

Embalming Table

61
Q

Rubber stopper containing two tubes, one to create vacuum for pressure and the other to deliver fluid or achieve aspiration; possibly used in conjunction with a hand pump.

A

Gooseneck

62
Q

Apparatus used to inject arterial fluid during the vascular (arterial) phase of the embalming process; relies on gravity to create the pressure required to deliver the fluid (.434 lbs of pressure per one foot of elevation).

A

Gravity Injector

63
Q

A method of creating injection pressure which consists of a gravity bottle with tubing attached, that is suspended at a desired distance above the point of injection.

A

Gravity Percolator (Gravity Bottle)

64
Q

Instrument used to guide vein tubes into vessels.

A

Groove Director

65
Q

Historical instrument resembling a large hypodermic syringe attached to a bottle apparatus; used to create either pressure for injection or vacuum for aspiration.

A

Hand Pump

66
Q

Preparation room equipment used to hold tubing in place on the embalming table.

A

Hose Holder

67
Q

Preparation room item used to inject embalming chemicals and tissue builder into the body tissues.

A

Hypodermic Needle and Syringe

68
Q

Embalming instrument used to hypodermically inject areas of the body with embalming chemicals (very dangerous instrument).

A

Hypo Valve Trocar (Parietal Needle)

69
Q

A type of air pressure apparatus which is a fluid power driven machine working by the force of a moving liquid.

A

Hydraulic Apparatus

70
Q

Apparatus that is connected to the water supply; when the water is turned on, a suction is developed and is used to aspirate the contents of the body’s cavities.

A

Hydroaspirator

71
Q

Injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or a trocar.

A

Hypodermic Embalming

72
Q

The act or instance of forcing a fluid into the vascular system or directly into tissues.

A

Injection

73
Q

A motorized injector used to create positive pressure as required in vascular embalming.

A

Pressure Embalming Machine

Embalming (61 decks)

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