Vocabulary A Flashcards
Nine region plan; by means of four imaginary planes, two of which are horizontal (indicated by lines drawn across the right and left 10’ ribs and across the right and left anterior superior iliac spines) and two sagittal (indicated by lines drawn from mid point of inguinal ligament to nipples of the chest, right and left sides). Upper row right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac. Middle row, right lateral, umbilical, left lateral. Lower row- right inguinal, pubic, left inguinal. Four region plan- by means of two imaginary planes, one horizontal and the other mid sagittal. Upper right quadrant, upper left quadrant, lower right quadrant, lower left quadrant.
Abdominal Anatomical Regions
Antemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis.
Abrasion
A localized accumulation of pus.
Abscess
The process of taking in, as in a colored object which absorbs certain rays of light and reflects other rays giving the object its recognizable color.
E.g., An apple is called red if the red rays are reflected and the other rays in the light are absorbed.
Absorption
To touch or contact as with the tarsal please of the closed eyelids.
Abut
Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular (arterial) and Cavity embalming fluids; includes but is not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack application agents.
Accessory chemicals
Dimethylketone; a colorless liquid which is used to soften and remove scabs; a solvent for restorative wax, or a stain remover.
Acetone
Presents itself after birth.
Acquired
A specific group of diseases or conditions which are indicative of severe immunosuppression related to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (MV); persons dead having had AIDS may exhibit conditions such as wasting syndrome, extra pulmonary tuberculosis, and Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/ AIDS
These levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employees have exposures below 8 hour permissible exposure limit (PEL). The AL for formaldehyde is .5 ppm.
Action Level/ AL-Exposures Limits
Occurs when the arterial supply to an area of the body is increased.
Active Capillary Congestion
Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and all stain the body tissue cells.
Active Dyes/ Staining Dyes/ Cosmetic Dyes
The pressure which is indicated by the injector gage needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body.
Actual Pressure
A disease with a more or less rapid onset and short duration.
Acute
Soft whitish crumbly or greasy material that forms upon the postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of body fats.
Adipocere (Grave Wax)
Disease resulting from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones, with “bronze” discoloration of the skin and electrolyte imbalances.
Addison’s Disease
Assimilation of gas, vapor, or dissolved matter by the surface of a solid or liquid.
Adsorption
In the presence of free oxygen.
Aerobic
Colloidal solution dispensed as a mist.
Aerosol
To disperse as an aerosol; minute particles of blood and water become atomized and suspended in air when water under pressure meets the blood drainage or when flushing an uncovered flush sink.
Aerosolization
Intravascular: the increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels which is a specific type of congealing.
Agglutination
Decrease in body temperature immediately before death.
Agonal Algor
A process which is the result of capillary permeability changes, where the bacteria from the intestinal area of the body migrate to the blood vascular system and is spread throughout the body.
Agonal Bacterial Migration
In reference to blood, a change from a fluid into a thickened mass.
Agonal Coagulation
The loss of moisture from the living body during the agonal state.
Agonal Dehydration
Escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death.
Agonal Edema
An outpouring of lymph into the peritoneal cavity.
Agonal Exudation
Increase in body temperature immediately before death.
Agonal Fever
An invagination of an upper segment of intestine within a lower segment.
Agonal Intussusception
Period immediately before somatic death.
Agonal Period
The period immediately preceding or prior to death.
Agonal State
A antemortem redistribution of his microflora on a hostwide basis.
Agonal Translocation
A specific group of diseases or conditions which are indicative of severe immunosuppression related to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (MV).
AIDS
A method of creating injection pressure with air forced under pressure into a fluid chamber that displaces the arterial solution by pushing it into the arterial system of the body.
Air Pressure Apparatus
A protein found in blood plasma.
Albumin
An abnormally excessive amount of albumin in the urine.
Albuminuria
An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups. The general formula for a monohydroxyl alcohol is R-OH, where R is a hydrocarbon group.
Alcohol
An organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups. The general formula is R-CHO, where R is a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen.
Aldehyde
Post-mortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature.
Algor Mortis
A material that can trigger an allergic reaction.
Allergen
Method of injection-drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is open which is a type of restricted drainage.
Alternate Drainage
An organization of professional personnel in governmental agencies or educational institutions who are employed in occupational safety and health programs.
American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
An organic compound containing nitrogen; any compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals. The general formula for primary amines is R-NH2.
Amine
Building blocks of which proteins are constructed, and the end products of protein digestion or hydrolysis. Their basic formula is NH2-CHR-COOH. An amino group, an alpha carbon, and aliphatic or aromatic radical, and a carboxyl group.
Amino Acid
Ammonia is injected hypodermically into the skin and if a reddish reaction occurs the body is still alive. This is a non expert test for death.
Ammonia Injection Test
In the absence of free oxygen.
Anaerobic
Severe generalized edema.
Anasarca
A descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known.
Anatomical Guide
Points of origin and points of termination in relation to adjacent structures; used to designate the boundaries of arteries.
Anatomical Limits
The body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs are pointed away from the body.
Anatomical Position
A decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, or both.
Anemia
Localized abnormal dilation of out pocketing of a blood vessel resulting from a congenital defect or a weakness of the vessel wall.
Aneurysm
An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels.
Aneurysm Hook
An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels, which has an eye in the hook portion of the instrument for placing ligatures around the vessels.
Aneurysm Needle
An instrument that is used for cutting bandages and/or clothing off of the deceased.
Angular Bandage Scissors
A multipurpose instrument used in the embalming process.
Angular Spring Forceps
An embalming instrument which has multiple uses, especially in helping remove blood from veins.
Angular Vein Forceps
Deviation from the normal.
Anomalies
In front of the elbow/in the end of the elbow.
Antecubital
Before death.
Antemortem
Toward the front.
Anterior
The external openings of the nostril.
Anterior Nares
A bony protuberance, that can be palpated topographically, found in the ilium, the superior, broad portion of the hipbone; the origin of the inguinal ligament and the sartorius muscle.
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Glycoprotein substance developed by the body in response to, and interacting specifically with, an antigen.
Antibody (Immunoglobin)
Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals.
Anticoagulant Fluid
A foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that react specifically with it.
Antigen
A non-toxic disinfectant suitable for the use on animal tissue.
Antiseptic
The prevention or inhibiting of the growth of causative microorganisms.
Antisepsis
Opening.
Aperture
Death brought about by a cessation of respiration or improper functioning of the respiratory apparatus; one of three modes of death described by Bichat.
Apnea
Condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained.
Apparent Death
A solution in which water is the solvent.
Aqueous Solution
Uneven heartbeat.
Arrhythmia
The concentrated, preservative, embalming chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming. The purpose is for inactivating saprophytic bacteria and rendering the body tissues less susceptible to decomposition.
Arterial (Vascular) Fluid
The mixture or arterial (vascular) fluid and water which is used for the arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids.
Arterial Solution
A tube used to inject embalming fluid into the body vascular system.
Arterial Tube (Cannula)
The term applied to a number of pathological conditions causing a thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries.
Arteriosclerosis
An embalming instrument whose purpose is to hold arterial tubes in the arteries.
Artery Fixation Forceps (2 hole or 3 hole clamp)
An embalming instrument used for cutting arteries and veins to enable insertion of the arterial tubes into the arteries and drain tubes into the veins.
Artery And Vein Scissors
Place of union between two or more bones.
Articulation
The movement of blood from the heart and arteries into the capillaries and veins, which occurs at the moment of death.
Articulo-mortis
Accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity.
Ascites
Freedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility.
Asepsis
Insufficient intake of oxygen resulting from numerous causes.
Asphyxia (apnea)
Withdrawal of gas. fluids, and semi-solids from body cavities and hollow viscera by means of suction with an aspirator and a trocar.
Aspiration
Indicates a weakness or feebleness of any organ or function.
Asthenia
Fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occurring in atherosclerosis.
Atheroma
A form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner later of arterial walls.
Atherosclerosis
A wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue.
Atrophy
Apparatus used for sterilization by steam pressure, usually at 250 F/120 C for a specific time.
Autoclave
Self-destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance.
Autolysis
The body’s own digestive enzymes that are capable of destroying body cells (autolytic decomposition).
Autolytic Enzyme
A postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition.
Autopsy (Necropsy, Postmortem Examination)
