Vocab for Exam 2 Flashcards
Soft, whitish crumbly or greasy material that forms upon the postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of body fats.
Adipocere (Grave Wax)
In the presence of free oxygen.
Aerobic
Intravascular: The increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels. Coagulation is a specific type of this.
Agglutination
A process which is the result of capillary permeability changes, where the bacteria from the intestinal area of the body migrate to the blood vascular system and is spread throughout the body.
Agonal Bacterial Migration
Building blocks of which proteins are constructed, and the end products of protein digestion or hydrolysis.
- Their basic formula is NH2-CHR-COOH
- An amino group, an alpha carbon, any aliphatic or aromatic radical, and a carboxyl group.
Amino Acid
In the absence of free oxygen.
Anaerobic
Severe generalized edema.
Anasarca
Localized abnormal dilation of out pocketing of a blood vessel resulting from a congenital defect or a weakness in a vessel wall.
Aneurysm
An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and is raising vessels.
Aneurysm Hook
An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels, which has an eye in the hook portion of the instrument for placing ligatures around the vessels.
Aneurysm Needle
An instrument which is used for cutting bandages and/or clothing off of the deceased.
Angular Bandage Scissors
A multipurpose instrument used in the embalming process.
Angular Spring Forceps
An embalming instrument which has multiple uses, especially in helping remove blood from the veins.
Angular Vein Forceps
Deviation from the normal.
Anomalies
In front of the elbow/in the bend of the elbow.
Antecubital
- A bony protuberance.
- Can be palpated topographically
- Found in the ilium - The superior, broad portion of the hipbone
- The origin of the inguinal ligament and the sartorius muscle.
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
A tube used to inject embalming fluid into the body vascular system.
Arterial Tube (Cannula)
The term applied to a number of pathological conditions causing a thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries.
Arteriosclerosis (A.S.C.V.D.)
Arteriosclerosis cardiovascular disease
A.S.C.V.D.
An embalming instrument whose purpose is to hold arterial tubes in the arteries.
Artery Fixation Forceps (2 hole or 3 hole clamp)
An embalming instrument used for cutting arteries and veins to enable insertion of the arterial tubes into the arteries and drain tubes into the veins.
Artery And Vein Scissors
Place of union between two or more bones.
Articulation
The movement of blood from the heart and arteries into the capillaries and veins, which occurs at the moment of death.
Articulo-Mortis
Withdrawal of gas, fluids, and semi-solids from body cavities and hollow viscera by means of suction with an aspirator and a trocar.
Aspiration
Fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occurring in atherosclerosis.
Atheroma
The presence of bacteria in the blood.
Bacteremia
- Resins combined with oil.
- A fragrant, resinous, oily exudate from various trees and plants.
Balsamic Substance
Circulatory network composed of the heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
Blood Vascular system
The separation and pushing aside of the superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and then the deep fascia surrounding blood vessels.
- Utilizing manual techniques or round ended instruments which separate rather than cut the protective tissues.
Blunt Dissection
An embalming instrument used to maintain the elevation of the vessels above the surface of the skin.
Bone Separator (Separator)
Vestibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeth.
Buccal Cavity
General deterioration of the body.
- A state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting.
- It may occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.
Cachexia (Wasting Syndrome)
Dead human body used for medical purposes: Including transplantation, anatomical dissection and study.
Cadaver
A prolongation of the last violent contraction of the muscles into the rigidity of death.
Cadaveric Spasm (Instantaneous Rigor Mortis)
Minute blood vessels.
- The walls of these comprise a single layer of endothelial cells.
- Connect the smallest arteries (arterioles) with the smallest veins (venules).
- This is where pressure filtration occurs
Capillaries
Ability of substances to diffuse through capillary walls into the tissue spaces.
Capillary Permeability
The means by which a pathogen is passed from host to host.
Circle of Transmission
Anaerobic, saprophytic, spore-forming bacterium responsible for tissue gas.
- Referred to as a gas bacillus.
Clostridium Perfringens
The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde.
- The solidification of a solid into a gelatinous mass.
- This is a specific form of agglutination.
Coagulation
Substances which increase the activity of enzymes.
Co-enzymes (Accelerators)
Microorganisms (colon bacillus) found normally in the colon.
Coliform Organisms
Bacterial inhabitants of the colon.
Coli-Flora
Rounded articular process on a bone.
Condyle
Mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white portion of the eye.
Conjunctiva
Transparent part of the tunic of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light into the interior.
Cornea
Legal term referring to a dead body.
Corpse
An official of a local community who holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, and unexplained deaths.
Coroner
Crackling sensation produced when gases trapped in tissues are palpated, as in subcutaneous emphysema.
Crepitation
Thin, medial portion of the ethmoid bone of the skull.
Cribriform Plate
A blood clot which contains all of the blood elements coagulated in an evenly mixed mass.
Current Clot (Jelly Clot, Cruor Clot)
Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen.
Cyanosis
Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria.
Decay
Inactivation or removal of microbial toxins, as well as of living microbial pathogens themselves.
Decontamination
A vascular incision made on vessels by cutting in an oblique or slanting direction.
Diagonal Incision
Relaxation phase of the heart action, or beat.
Diastole
Unchecked putrefaction eventually results in a complete breakdown and disappearance of all body structures, except the bones.
Disintegration
Tubular instrument or varying diameter and shape, preferably with a plunger, that is inserted into a vein to aid in drainage of blood and to restrict the exit of vascular embalming solution.
Drain Tube
Discharge or withdrawal of blood, interstitial fluid and embalming fluids from the body during vascular embalming.
- Usually removed through a vein of the body.
Drainage
An embalming instrument which allows the removal of blood from the body without using the conventional drain tube.
Drainage Forceps
Preparation room equipment on which human remains are placed for the embalming procedure.
Embalming Table
The true metabolic enzymes of bacterium.
- Produced within the bacterial cell wall.
Endoenzymes
The surroundings, conditions, or influences that affect an organism or the cells within an organism.
Environment
An organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition.
Enzyme
Enzymes which function outside of the bacterial cell wall.
Exoenzymes
From outside the body.
Extrinsic
Characterized by high fever, causing dehydration of the body.
Febrile
Intravascular blood discoloration that occurs when arterial solution enters an area (such as the face), but due to blockage, blood and embalming solution are unable to drain from the area.
Flush (Flushing)
Death of the organism as a whole.
Functional Death (Somatic Death)
Instrument used to guide drainage tubes into veins.
Groover Director
Equipment used to dry the hair of the deceased and is made specifically for mortuary use.
Hair Dryer
An incision on the surface of the skin used when raising the common carotid arteries.
- It is made from the center of one clavicle by a curve to the center of the other clavicle.
Half-Moon Incision (Semi-Lunar Incision)
Preparation room equipment used for scrubbing, cleaning, and disinfection purposes.
Hand Brush
Piece of equipment used to maintain the head in the proper position during the embalming process.
Head Rest
A direct method of drain accomplished by inserting a trocar into the right atrium of the heart.
Heart Tap
The non-protein portion of hemoglobin.
- The red pigment of the hemoglobin
Heme
An embalming instrument used to clamp vessels.
Hemostat/Lock Forceps
Preparation room equipment used to hold tubing in place on the embalming table.
Hose Holder
Absorbing moisture readily.
Hygroscopic
A diminished, or lowered, coagulability of blood.
Hypinosis
Embalming instrument used to hypodermically inject areas of the body with embalming chemicals.
Hypo Valve Trocar (Parietal Needle)
Preparation room item used to inject embalming chemicals and tissue builder into the body tissues.
Hypodermic Syringe and Needle
A clean cut made with a sharp instrument.
- In embalming, a cut made with a scalpel to raise arteries and veins.
Incision
Anatomical structure forming the base of the femoral triangle.
- Extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle.
Inguinal Ligament
Between the cells of a structure.
Intercellular
Fluid outside or between the cells of the body.
Intercellular Fluid
Space between the ribs.
Intercostal Space
The supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells.
Interstitial
Fluid in the supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells.
- About one-fifth of the body weight.
Interstitial Fluid
Fluid contained within vascular channels.
- About one-twentieth of the body weight.
Intravascular Fluid
Tubular instrument of varying diameter and shape, preferably with a plunger, that is inserted into the jugular vein to aid in drainage.
Jugular Drain Tube
Substance used to kill insect larvae.
Larvicide
To tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming.
Ligate
A vascular incision that is made lengthwise on a vessel.
Longitudinal Incision
The cavity or opening of a vein, artery, or intestine.
- The further away they are, the smaller the opening becomes.
Lumen
A specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues.
Lysin
Organelle that exists within a cell, but separate from the cell.
- Contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins and certain carbohydrates.
Lysosome
An insect larva; especially flies.
Maggot
Manipulation of tissue in the course of preparation of the body. Always move towards the heart.
Massage
An official elected or appointed to investigate suspicious or unnatural death.
Medical Examiner
A minute, one celled form of life not distinguishable as to vegetable or animal nature.
Microbe (Microorganism)
The complete or extreme dehydration of a dead human body.
Mummification
Space between the roof of the mouth and the floor of the cranial cavity.
Nasal Cavity
Embalming instrument used to aspirate the throat by means of the nostrils.
Nasal Tube Aspirator
Preparation room equipment used to hold suturing needles and keep them in good condition.
- An instrument used to hold a suturing needle while suturing.
Needle Holder
Abnormal amount of fat on the body.
Obese (Corpulence)
Any and all techniques to treat a problem area.
- Excision, incision, wicking.
Operative Corrections
The most favorable condition for functioning.
Optimum
The mouth and the vestibule, or the opening to the throat.
Oral Cavity
Embalming instrument used in filling the external orifices of the body.
Packing Forceps
The examine by touch.
Palpate
Substances which temporarily or permanently inhibits an enzyme’s action.
Paralyzer (Inactivator)
Capable of producing disease.
Pathogenic
Substance able to destroy lice.
Pediculicide
Agents destructive to adult forms of insect life.
Pesticide (Insecticide)
Degree of acidity or alkalinity.
- The scale ranges from 0-14
- 0 being completely acid
- 14 being completely basic
- 7 being neutral
- Blood has a level of 7.35-7.45
pH (Potential of Hydrogen)
Condition in which interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation.
Pitting Edema
Acute infection or inflammation of the alveoli.
- The alveolar sacs fill up with fluid and dead white blood cells.
- Causes: bacteria, fungi, viruses
Pneumonia
Period that begins after somatic death.
Postmortem
An embalming instrument for aspirating liquid materials from the trunk cavity of autopsied cases.
Postmortem-Autopsy Aspirator (Autopsy Aspirator)
The changing of the blood from a liquid to a semi-solid or from a semi-solid to a solid.
Postmortem Blood Coagulation
A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition.
Postmortem Physical Change
A period immediately following death and before rigor mortis occurs, where the muscles of the body are limp and flaccid.
Primary Flaccidity
Organic compound found in plants and animals.
- Can be broken down into amino acids.
Protein
The fibrocartilage that joints the two pubic bones in the median plane.
Pubic Symphysis
Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria.
Putrefaction
A mark of desiccation.
Razor Burn (Razor Abrasion)
An amorphous, nonvolatile solid or soft side substance, a natural exudation from plants. - Any of a class of solid or soft organic compounds of natural or synthetic origin.
Resinous Substance
Treatment of the deceased in the attempt to recreate natural form and color.
Restoration
Inner lining of the eye that receives the images formed by the lens and transmits those images to the brain through the optic nerve.
Retina
A general purpose embalming instrument which is primarily used to spread incisions and to afford more working room.
- Can also be used to aid in eyecap insertion.
Retractor
Bacterial that derive their nutrition from dead organic matter.
Saprophytic Bacteria
A condition, which occurs after rigor mortis has left the body where the muscles of the body return to a state of limpness and flaccidity.
Secondary Flaccidity
Notched on the edge like a saw, as seen with forceps.
Serrated
A preparation room instrument used for the application of wax to the lips of the deceased as well as smoothing out wax on visible areas of the body.
Spatula (Regular)
A multi-purpose embalming instrument.
- Commonly used for holding cotton swabs, wiping out and disinfecting the eyes, restoration treatment and closing the eyes.
Spring Forceps
An embalming instrument commonly used on arterial tubes to stop the flow of fluid.
Stop Cock
Situated or occurring beneath the skin.
Subcutaneous
Extravasation of blood into a tissue.
Suggillation (Ecchymosis, Bruise, Contusion)
Dehydration of the dead human body due to the movement of air over the body itself.
Surface Evaporation Swipe (Air Swipe)
Preparation room instruments which are used to close cuts and incisions by suturing with ligature.
Suturing Needles
Drawing together, or a contraction, of gels which results in the giving off of water.
Syneresis
Contraction phase of the heart action, or beat.
Systole
The science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition.
Temporary Preservation (Preservation)
Preparation room equipment used to pass a ligature underneath a raised vessel.
Thread Passer
A general term.
- The solidification of a solid into a gelatinous mass.
- This is a specific form of agglutination.
Tissue Coagulation
An agonal or postmortem redistribution of host microflora on a hostwide basis.
Translocation
A vascular incision made at 90 degrees to the long axis of the vessel.
Transverse Incision
A vascular incision which is made by cutting a small triangular wedge from the wall of vessel.
Triangular Incision (Wedge Incision)
A vascular incision created by making a short transverse incision at a right angle to the long axis of the vessel.
- Then with the point of the scissors inserted into the original opening, a second incision is made parallel to the long axis of the vessel.
T-Shaped Incision
The resistance to the flow of a liquid; the thickness of a liquid.
Viscosity
