Embalming Process (test 2- mors 113) Flashcards
- Wear double latex or nitril gloves and special clothing in the preparation room.
- Wear only the type of lab smock or other protective clothing that is disinfected and laundered.
- Wear protective eye cover.
- Three hepatitis shots are required
Universal Precautions - Protect the Operator (PPE)
This may include a full gown or body suit with protective impermeable apron, special shoes with covers, head cover, oral-nasal mask and formaldehyde respirator.
Wear double latex or nitril gloves and special clothing in the preparation room.
Disposable lab clothing is even better
- Example: Washable full face masks and goggles. The primary objective is to filter airborne bacteria.
Wear only the type of lab smock or other protective clothing that is easily disinfected and laundered.
Full face shield, to guard against spashing of the eyes.
Wear protective eye cover.
In the late 1970’s to 1980’s, embalmers would not serve or would charge extra for AIDS cases.
Prior to Universal Precautions
Emaciation is a characteristic of this.
AIDS
This lives outside of the body for two weeks.
TB
The person tends to get very sick, then better due to bacterial going into a spore state. This occurs in HIV cases more often (weaker).
Tuberculosis
Latex or nitril gloves and apron, rubber head block, arterial tubes, aneurysm hooks, hemostat, nasal aspirator, needle injector, brass wire, needles, scalpel, scissors, curved and straight forceps, spatula, ligature thread, vein tube drains.
Gather the necessary instruments from the lab cabinet.
- Use germicidal soap
- Use lukewarm or cold, but not hot water because hot water damages tissues.
- Shave the face of both men and women- may require permission from the PRD
- Wash and aspirate the inner mouth and nose.
- Wash hair, check for lice.
- Remove and clean dentures.
- Clean finger nails.
Sanitize Remains
Shave with the hair, not against it.
Shaving the Remains (with permission from the PRD)
- Flex the facial muscles
- Flex cheeks, jaws, and neck
- Flex arm at shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers.
- Flex leg at hip, knee, foot
- Alleviate by flexing as much rigor mortis as possible.
- Position the body the way you want it to appear in the casket.
Position The Remains
Flex all four at the same time, or risk breaking them.
Flexing the Fingers
Using these guides to indicate the proper point, make a three-inch incision though the skin and superficial fascia with a sharp scalpel.
Anatomical and Linear Guides
The separation and pushing aside of the superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and the deep fascia surrounding blood vessels, utilizing manual techniques or round ended instruments which separate rather than cut the protective tissues.
Blunt Dissection
For finding the carotid artery, separate the fascia _________, not against it.
With the Incision
An incision that is three inches on the surface but only one inch at the deepest point.
- A common error of the novice embalmer.
Incorrectly Dissected Incision
Results from a failure to adequately separate the fat and fascia by dissection to the full extent of the superficial incision.
Improperly Dissected Incision
A limited working space at the bottom of the incision and a danger that the vessels might be broken as they are drawn up though an opening of small dimension.
The result of an improperly dissected incision
The fat and deep fascia are separated by _________, using aneeurysm hooks or fingertips, to expose vessels and nerves.
- The student must be careful not to rupture any vessels especially when using aneurysm hooks.
Blunt Dissection
Separate the _____ from the accompanying veins, nerves, and fascia.
Artery
Use aneurysm hooks to clean excess _____ from the vessels.
Tissue
After you raise the artery and/or vein from a clear and open incision, place the handle of the aneurysm hook or bone separator ______________.
Under the Vessel
Make ligature by cutting a piece of ligature into an _____ inch length (or lengths of the same size).
8”
By using ______, insert under the artery and/or the vein two ligatures superior and inferior approximately one inch apart.
Curved Forceps
The primary objective of this is the make the incision large enough to easily admit a cannula tube in the artery or a drain tube in the vein.
Incising The Vessel
Make an incision with a sharp scalpel ________ or _______ but never more than half way across the vessel.
Transverse or Diagonal
At right angles to the long axis of the vessel.
Transverse Incision
This type of incision is used most frequently in cases of arteriosclerosis. With scissors, cut a triangular wedge from the wall of the vessel.
Triangular Incision
- Be sure the cannula tube is smaller than the lumen.
- Never force a cannula tube into the artery.
- Always lubricate cannula with liquid soap
- After sucessfully inserting the cannula into the artery tighten the ligature.
- Insert drain tube
- Cut vein with scalpel
- Insert with the greatest of care, narrow stemmed forcep
- Lubricate drain tube, spread incision with forceps, and insert drain tube.
Insert Cannula Tube Into Artery
When inserting the drain tube into the vein. The the ligature tightly so the drain tube isn’t forced out.
Always keep pump rod closed
Before pumping the drain tube rod, inject about _____ of fluid.
One Quart
Massage the dependent parts of the body in a motion ______ the heart. Be sure massage is vigorous.
Toward
Always watch for drainage and always ________.
Encourage Drainage
After injection of about one quart of fluid, stop the machine, _______ to be sure you have drainage.
Open drain tube
With the exception of an autopsy, always pose the features _______.
First
- Needle Injector
- Musculature
- Mandibular
- Wire through the bone
Methods of mouth closure
Not the most study method of mouth closure.
Needle Injector
A suture that goes through the mentalis muscle, through the frenulum of the lips to the septum of the nose. This is more sturdy than the needle injector.
Musculature Suture
Suturing through the septum of the nose and around the mandible.
- Most sturdy - helps hold bottom dentures in place (but not the top).
Mandibular Tie
Used in special cases, wire and dremel. This is used when the mandible is in pieces.
Wire through the bone
- Position lip with thin layer of cotton inside mouth between gum and lip
- Wet cotton strips outside mouth
- Stay cream
- Suture with hidden stitch if badly dehydrated; use tissue builder.
- Cement lip
- Use straight pins into gums and set lips on head of pins or pin lips to gum and remove after tissue firms.
Methods of Lip Closure
Similar to lip wax, use the palm of your gloved hand, smooth and apply an even coat over the lips.
Stay Cream
Always use this after embalming.
Tissue Builder
Be sure teeth and lips are dry; use lip lock or Japanese glue.
Cement Lip
- Eyecaps made from plastic (perforated)
- Flat, thin pieces of cotton (not on an eneculation case)
- Stay cream- never overlap eyes
Methods of Eye Closure
- Gather necessary chemicals
- Learn the working of your emblaming machine
- Pressure- rate of flow- pulsator
- Do not mix more than 3 gallons of solution at a time
- Determine your solution
- Basic solution
- Addition solutions beyond 3 gallons may often be necessary.
Formulate the proper chemical solution
Arterial restorative co-injection, cosmetic dye, water softener.
Gather Necessary Chemicals
Edematous case solution.
3% Dilution
Ordinary case dilution.
2%, usually not more than 5%
Always run the solution through the machine.
Learn the working of your embalming machine
In life there are only 6 quarts (5.5 liters) of blood.
Do not mix more than three gallons of solution at one time.
By sex, age, weight, time laspe since death (postmortem interval), cause of death, time lapse to burial.
Determine your solution
16oz arterial solution to 16oz co-injection to 1oz of dye to 10oz water softener; and water to make three galons (20-30 index)
Basic Solution
Judgement and body size will be required.
Additional solutions beyond three gallons may often be necessary.
Turn machine on, check rate of flow and pressure (be careful of pressure).
- Massage arms towards heart
- After you are sure fluid has penetrated arms, reposition them.
- Be sure fingernails have been cleansed and trimmed
- After you are certain that fluid has penetrated the legs and arms, massage the body trunk.
Start embalming after features are posed
Hydro aspirator, electric aspirator or hand pump and jug.
Be sure your trocar is sharp and your choice of aspiration systems are in good working order.
- Be sure you use an OSHA approved temperature sensitive clear, rigid plastic or rubber hose.
- Insert your trocar into the umbilical region two inches above and two inches to the left of the navel.
Aspiration and Cavity Treatment
Do not use this type of rubber hose because they collaspe and vacuum is lost.
Flexible Gum Rubber
Always aspirate from ____________.
High to Low
Clear your trocar often so it does not:
Back up and reverse itself.
The general rule for the amount of cavity fluid used. (usually no more than 2-3 bottles)
1 bottle per 50 lbs
- Screw cavity injector into bottle
- Hold bottle high and control rate of flow with “thumb hole”
- Inject the cavity fluid liberally in a fast sweeping motion from high to low.
- Using a button driver, insert trocar button into hole. (or use an N stitch or purse string stitch)
Cavity Treatment
Inject the throacic cavity first, put more fluid in the throacic cavity because:
Much of it will gravitate downwards toward the abdomen.
- Clean trocar and cavity injector by filling bottle with hot soapy water and running it through.
- Clean machine by running about 6 gallons of clear water through machine.
- Always leave water in the bottom of the machine to prevent the base plate of oxdizing.
Cleaning Cavity Injector and Embalming Machine
An embalming instrument which is connected to a bottle of cavity fluid to aid in injecting the favity fluid into the various cavities of the body.
Cavity Injector
- Wash remains with warm soapy water
- Shampoo hair
- Dry remains, reposition remains
- If necessary, put rubber or plastic goods on remains - coveralls, pants, stockings, sleeves and/or unionall.
After Cavity Injecting
