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Veterinary Nursing > VN03 Revision Notes Questions > Flashcards

VN03 Revision Notes Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Median Plane?

A

divides the body into symmetrical L+R halves

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2
Q

Rostral?

A

towards the nose

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3
Q

Proximal?

A

structures that lie close to the main part of the body

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4
Q

Distal?

A

Structures that lie away from the main part of the body

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5
Q

Palmar?

A

rear surface of the fore paw that bears the footpad

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6
Q

Plantar?

A

rear surface of the hind paw that bears the footpads

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7
Q

Somatic cells?

A

include all cells of the body apart from reproductive cells

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8
Q

Germ Cells?

A

Ova and Spermatozoa

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9
Q

Somatic cells divide by?

A

Mitosis

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10
Q

What number of chromosomes do somatic cells contain?

A

Diploid number

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11
Q

How are germ cells divided?

A

Meiosis

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12
Q

What number of chromosomes do germ cells contain?

A

Haploid number

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13
Q

Mitosis?

A

Somatic cells make identical copies of themselves and divide into two.

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14
Q

Stages of Mitosis?

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase

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15
Q

Meiosis?

A

Results in production of ova or sperm containing half the normal number of chromosomes (haploid).

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16
Q

What must occur before fertilisation?

A

Meiosis

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17
Q

Stages of Meiosis?

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase/Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II.

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18
Q

Diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules of a liquid or gas down a concentration gradient. Area where they are at a high concentration to an area where they are at a lower concentration.

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19
Q

Osmosis?

A

Movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a fluid of low concentration to one of a higher concentration.

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20
Q

Squamous Epithelial?

A

Flattened in shape

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21
Q

Cuboidal?

A

Square or cube-shaped

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22
Q

Columnar?

A

column-shaped

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23
Q

What tissue type lines the blood vessels of the lungs?

A

simple squamous epithelium

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24
Q

What lines the intestines?

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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25
Q

What lines the trachea?

A

Stratified Epithelium

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26
Q

The 3 body cavities are?

A

Thoracic, Abdominal and Pelvic

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27
Q

Axial Skeleton?

A

runs from the skull to the tip of the tail

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28
Q

Appendicular Skeleton?

A

consists of fore and hind limbs, shoulder and pelvis

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29
Q

5 Vertebrae?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral and Coccygeal

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30
Q

Three types of joints?

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginous and Synovial

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31
Q

Masseter?

A

Closes the jaw

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32
Q

Mastication?

A

Chewing

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33
Q

Cranial nerves leave the?

A

Brain

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34
Q

Spinal nerves leave the?

A

Spinal Cord

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35
Q

Sensory nerves?

A

Carry impulses toward the CNS

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36
Q

Motor Nerves?

A

Carry impulses away from the CNS

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37
Q

Forebrain contains?

A

Cerebrum, Thalamus and Hypothalamus

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38
Q

Hindbrain contains?

A

Cerebellum, Pons and Medulla Oblongata.

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39
Q

Way to remember cranial nerves?

A

Oh Once One Has Taken The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Happening

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40
Q

Reflex Arcs?

A

involuntary response to stimuli, rapid and automatic response

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41
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormones?

A

ADH and Oxytocin

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42
Q

Anterior Pituitary Glands Hormones?

A

TSH, GH, ACTH, Prolactin, FSH, LH and ICSH

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43
Q

What hormone does thyroid produce?

A

Thyroxine

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44
Q

What hormone does the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin

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45
Q

Hormone produced by the Corpus Luteum?

A

Progesterone and relaxin

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46
Q

Adrenal Cortex produces?

A

glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

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47
Q

Adrenal Medulla produces?

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

48
Q

Beta Cells secrete?

A

Insulin

49
Q

Alpha Cells secrete?

A

Glucagon

50
Q

Glucagon raises or lowers blood glucose levels?

A

Raises

51
Q

Delta Cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

52
Q

Blood Vascular System?

A

Blood, Heart, Circulatory System and Lymphatic System

53
Q

Leucocytes are?

A

White Blood Cells

54
Q

Thrombocytes are?

A

Platelets

55
Q

Granulocytes?

A

Basophils, Eosinophils and Neutrophils

56
Q

Agranulocytes?

A

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

57
Q

Middle layer of the heart?

A

Myocardium

58
Q

Outer layer of the heart?

A

epicardium

59
Q

Inner layer of the heart?

A

endocardium

60
Q

Where does the tricuspid valve lie?

A

between the RA and RV

61
Q

Where does the bicuspid/mitral valve lie?

A

between the LA and LV

62
Q

Where does the pulmonary valve lie?

A

at the base of the pulmonary artery as it leaves the RV

63
Q

Lymph node names?

A

Submandibular, Popliteal, Axillary, inguinal, Prescapular.

64
Q

Name of the layer used to separate the thoracic cavity?

A

Mediastinum

65
Q

Baroreceptors?

A

Found in the walls of blood vessels, monitor arterial blood pressure.

66
Q

Osmoreceptors?

A

Found in the hypothalamus, monitor osmotic pressure of plasma, influence secretion of ADH

67
Q

Cell membrane is mainly composed of?

A

Phospholipid Layer

68
Q

Which of the following is not found in the nucleus?

A

Centrioles

69
Q

Which organelle is the site for ATP Production?

A

mitochondrion

70
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the mammalian cell?

A

Synthesis and Transport of proteins

71
Q

During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

A

Metaphase

72
Q

When does crossing-over take place during meiosis?

A

Prophase

73
Q

Fluid that has a lower osmotic pressure than that of plasma is said to be?

A

hypotonic

74
Q

Which of the following cations is in a relatively higher concentration in the intracellular fluid than in the extracellular fluid?
- potassium
- iodine
- sodium
- chloride

A

potassium

75
Q

Which of the following is not an example of structural protein?
- collagen
- enzymes
- elastin
- keratin

A

Enzymes

76
Q

Which of the following statements is least accurate?
- an acidic solution has a pH of below 7
- the pH scale is a measure of a solutions hydrogen ion content
- an alkaline substance releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in a solution
- the pH of body fluids is 7.35

A

an alkaline substance releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in a solution

77
Q

which of the following is not a connective tissue?
- bone
- cartilage
- muscle
- blood

A

muscle

78
Q

which type of tissue covers the external and internal surfaces of the body?
- connective
- skin
- areolar
- epithelial

A

epithelial

79
Q

Where would you find simple cuboidal epithelium?
- lining the bladder
- lining the URT
- lining the renal nephron
- in the epidermis

A

Lining the renal nephron

80
Q

What type of epithelium lines the ureters?
- simple squamous
- ciliated columnar
- transitional
- stratified squamous

A

transitional

81
Q

Which of the following is an example of a simple coiled gland?
- salivary
- sweat
- duodenal
- sebaceous

A

salivary

82
Q

Which type of cartilage is found in the epiglottis?

A

elastic

83
Q

Which type of bone tissue is found in the cortices of all types of bone?
- spongy
- cancellous
- hyaline
- compact

A

Compact

84
Q

The contractile protein that makes up the thin filaments of muscle fibre is?

A

actin

85
Q

What is the name given to serous endothelium that lines the inside of the thoracic cavity?

A

Visceral Peritoneum

86
Q

What is found within the peritoneal cavity?

A

peritoneal fluid

87
Q

Which of the following is a splanchnic bone?
- tuber calcis
- patella
- os penis
- calcaneus

A

os penis

88
Q

Where do primary centres of ossification appear in a long bone?

A

the diaphysis

89
Q

How many sternebrae is the sternum made up of?

A

8

90
Q

How many short bones are found within the tarsus?

A

7

91
Q

What is the unit of contraction in a muscle called?

A

Sarcomere

92
Q

Osteoblasts?

A

lay down new bone during skeletal development and remodelling

93
Q

Osteoclast?

A

An osteoclast is a type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue.

94
Q

Deglutition

A

action or process of swallowing

95
Q

Prehension?

A

Grasping or seizing

96
Q

Mastication?

A

Chewing

97
Q

Atrium - Collecting or Pumping?

A

Collecting

98
Q

Ventricle - Collecting or Pumping?

A

Pumping

99
Q

Pulmonary Veins?

A

Receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left atrium of the heart

100
Q

Pulmonary Artery?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left lung

101
Q

Epicardium?

A

Thin outer layer of connective tissue of the heart

102
Q

Myocardium?

A

Middle layer of heart which consists of cardiac muscle tissue, responsible for pumping action of the heart

103
Q

Endocardium?

A

inner layer of the heart

104
Q

Pulmonary Valve?

A

SL valve, closes off the right ventricle and opens to allow blood to be pumped from the heart to the lungs.

105
Q

Mitral Valve?

A

referred to as the bicuspid valve/left AV valve. Closes off the left atrium, collecting the oxygen-rich blood coming in from the lungs and opens to allow blood to pass from LA to LV.

106
Q

Aortic Valve?

A

closes off the LV, opens to allow blood to leave the heart from the LV to the aorta

107
Q

Tricuspid Valve?

A

known as the Right AV valve, closes off the RA and opens to allow blood to flow from the atrium RV

108
Q

Systole?

A

pumping

109
Q

Diastole?

A

Filling

110
Q

Arteries carry?

A

OXYGENATED blood

111
Q

Arteries move blood?

A

AWAY from the heart

112
Q

Veins carry?

A

DEOXYGENATED blood

113
Q

Veins move blood?

A

TOWARDS the heart

114
Q

PQRST Wave - P?

A

Atria conytracting

115
Q

QRS?

A

ventricles contracting

116
Q

T?

A

ventricles returning to rest

Veterinary Nursing (31 decks)

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