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Veterinary Nursing > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Ingestion?

A

Combination of mastication by deglutition moving a bolus of food to stomach

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2
Q

Prehension

A

The process of acquiring food through seizing, grasping or other methods

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3
Q

Digestion

A

Physiological actions of the stomach and enzymatic breakdown of food to an absorbable form

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4
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of materials from the lumen of the intestine into the blood stream

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5
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical reactions where food components are altered to produce or store energy

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6
Q

Excretion

A

Process of eliminating waste products of digestion from tissues and organs from the body

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7
Q

Pylorus?

A

Regulates movement of chyme from stomach to duodenum

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8
Q

Cardia

A

Area with sphincter that comes above it when food not being swallowed

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9
Q

Fundus

A

Contains key gastric glands with parietal chief and mucous cells

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10
Q

Pyloric Antrum

A

Regulates production of hydrochloric acid; secretes gastrin into blood when food present

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11
Q

Gastric Mucosa?

A

Columnar Epithelium, a thin layer of loose areolar connective tissue and muscle. Thin layer that separates it from the submucosa.

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12
Q

Submucosa

A

Comprised of dense, irregular, connective tissue separating it from mucosa. Contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves which supply the mucosa.

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13
Q

Muscular Externa

A

Region of muscle responsible for peristaltic movements of the stomach. Comprised of three layers.

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14
Q

Order of muscle layers in stomach?

A
  • Longitudinal
  • Circular
  • Oblique
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15
Q

Order of muscle layers in stomach?

A
  • Longitudinal
  • Circular
  • Oblique
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16
Q

Longitudinal

A

Generates peristaltic movement contractions moving food through the stomach

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17
Q

Oblique

A

Churns and breaks down the bolus of food

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18
Q

Circular

A

Mixes bolus of food via forceful, grinding contractions, moving it to the duodenum

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19
Q

Goblet Cells

A

Produce mucus from stomach wall to protect against auto digestion

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20
Q

Parietal Cells

A

Produces HCl from stomach wall, lowering pH so pepsin can break down protein

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21
Q

Chief Cells

A

Produces pepsinogen which when combined with Hal converts to pepsin to break down protein

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22
Q

HCl?

A

Hydrochloric Acid

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23
Q

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the parietal cells to produce Hydrochloric Acid?

A

Gastrin

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24
Q

The mix of partly digested food and secretions from the stomach is referred to as?

A

Chyme

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25
Q

Chyme?

A

Product in the stomach following food material breakdown, food enters the stomach at gastric pits within gastric lining secrete various gastric juices.

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26
Q

Main site for absorption of products following digestion?

A

Small Intestine

27
Q

Duodenum

A

Presence of chyme here stimulates production of pancreatic juices and bile

28
Q

Jejunum

A

Contains large villi, caudal section absorption of majority of nutrients

29
Q

Ileum

A

Absorption of electrolytes, Vit B12 and bile salts

30
Q

What is absorbed by the colon?

A

Vitamins, Electrolytes and Water

31
Q

Which cell secretes HCl in the stomach lining?

A

Parietal Cells

32
Q

The gall bladder stores bile and delivers it to the large intestine via the common bile duct.
Select one:
True
False

A

False

33
Q

Large Intestine is made up of?

A

Colon, Caecum, Rectum and Anus

34
Q

What are the villi of the small intestine lined with?

A

Simple columnar

35
Q

Deglutition?

A

Swallowing

36
Q

BMR?

A

energy required to sustain vital functions e.g. heart beat, breathing, nervous activity

37
Q

Peristalsis?

A

involuntary movement of the intestines moving the contents along the lumen

38
Q

Absorption

A

transfer of substances; in particular digested food from the lumen of the alimentary tract to blood or lymph

39
Q

Digestion?

A

the process of breaking down food for absorption in the gut

40
Q

A role of HCl in the stomach is to?

A

Kills bacteria

41
Q 
Which of the following enzymes breaks down proteins into peptides and amino acids?
Select one:
a. Proteases.
b. Peptidases
c. Bile salts.
d. Lipases.
A

Protease

42
Q

How does digested food finally reach the bloodstream?

A

It is absorbed into the blood through blood vessels

43
Q

Tongue?

A

Manipulation of food during mastication and swallowing. Also taste, grooming and thermoregulation

44
Q

Colon

A

Absorbs water, vitamins and electrolytes to aid in compaction and passage of faeces

45
Q

Small Intestine

A

Receive pancreatic enzymes and bile, secrete own juices and enzymes and digest and absorb nutrients

46
Q

Caecum

A

No function in carnivores. Site for bacterial breakdown of plant matter for some herbivores

47
Q

Rectum?

A

Temporary storage site for faecal waste

48
Q

Ascending Colon

A

Begin process of extraction of waste and other nutrients from waste material

49
Q

Caecum?

A

Site of microbial action on digestive food stuffs

50
Q

Transverse Colon?

A

Absorbs water and salt

51
Q

Descending Colon?

A

Storage of waste which gradually solidifies as it moves through this colon

52
Q

If faeces is not eliminated from the body, it returns to the colon where more what is absorbed to cause constipation which could lead to faecal impaction?

A

Water

53
Q

Black Faeces indicates?

A

Bleeding in upper GI tract

54
Q

Bright red faeces?

A

Undigested blood in lower GI tract

55
Q

Orange Faeces?

A

Liver issue

56
Q

Yellow Faeces?

A

food intolerance

57
Q

Pink/Purple Faeces?

A

HGE

58
Q

Where does starch first undergo chemical digestion?

A

In the mouth

59
Q

Saliva contains an enzyme to partially digest what?

A

Starch

60
Q

What is the function of sodium bicarbonate ( NaHCO3 ) in pancreatic juice?

A

Neutralises acid chyme

61
Q

What would inhibit trypsin’s ability to form an enzyme-substrate complex?

A

pH of 3

62
Q

Which of these is not a feature of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Myenteric Plexus

63
Q

Vitamins and amino acids are produced in the large intestine by what?

A

Bacteria

Veterinary Nursing (31 decks)

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