Endocrine Disorders

Question 1

What species is most commonly affected by Hypothyroidism?

Answer 1

Dogs

Question 2

What is hypothyroidism?

Answer 2

Under active thyroid, decreased production of T4

Question 3

Signs of Hypothyroid?

Answer 3

Lethargy, Obesity, Alopecia, Pyoderma, Bradycardia, Hypothermia, etc..

Question 4

Diagnostics for hypothyroid?

Answer 4

Bloods - T4, treatment trial

Question 5

Treatment for hypothyroid?

Answer 5

Supplements thyroxine, monitor T4 levels

Question 6

Species most commonly affected by hyperthyroidism?

Answer 6

Cats

Question 7

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 7

Over active thyroid, overproduction of T4, increases metabolic rate

Question 8

Signs of hyperthyroid?

Answer 8

weight loss, emaciation, aggression, PUPD, depression, weakness, etc..

Question 9

Diagnostics for Hyperthyroid?

Answer 9

Bloods - T4

Question 10

Treatment for hyperthyroid?

Answer 10

Meds - methimazole, thiamazole.
Thyroidectomy
Prescription Diet
Monitor T4 levels

Question 11

Signs of hypercalcaemia?

Answer 11

PUPD, anorexia, lethargy, tremors, etc..

Question 12

Diagnostics for hypercalcaemia?

Answer 12

Bloods, urinalysis, FNA, X-Rays, Ultrasound Scans

Question 13

Treatment for hypercalcaemia?

Answer 13

Treat underlying cause - chemo, parathyroidectomy

IVFT

Question 14

What is hypoadrenocorticism?

Answer 14

Addisons Disease - reduction in or failure of steroid production

Question 15

Signs of Addison’s?

Answer 15

Anorexia, hypotension, collapse, bradycardia, haemorrhagic D+, etc…

Question 16

Diagnostics for Addison’s?

Answer 16

ECG
Bloods - NA/K ratio reads low, Na
ACTH stim test

Question 17

Treatment for addison’s?

Answer 17

IVFT, monitoring Na:K ratio, meds - glucocorticoids - preds, mineralocorticoids - DOCP.

Question 18

Is >27:1 a normal Na:K ratio for an Addison’s patient?

Answer 18

Yes, if sodium reads 155 and potassium reads 4.5, Na:K would be 155/4.5 = 34.4 NORMAL as >27

Question 19

What is hyperadrenocorticism?

Answer 19

Cushing’s Disease - excessive cortisol levels in body due to excessive administration of steroids

Question 20

Signs of cushings?

Answer 20

PUPD, pot-belly, panting, alopecia

Question 21

Diagnostics for cushings?

Answer 21

Bloods, ACTH stim, abdo x-rays, low/high dose dex, etc..

Question 22

Treatment for cushings?

Answer 22

Meds - trilostane/mitotane

Question 23

What is diabetes mellitus?

Answer 23

Lack of insulin

Question 24

How to diagnose diabetes mellitus?

Answer 24

Bloods - Full and FRU

Urinalysis - dipstick for presence of ketones and glucose

Question 25

DKA?

Answer 25

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Question 26

treatment of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 26

insulin, maintenance, regular BG monitoring

Question 27

Hypoglycaemia?

Answer 27

Low levels of glucose within the blood, insulin overdose

Question 28

Normal range for BG?

Answer 28

3.3-6.3mmol/L

Question 29

Ideal range for BG?

Answer 29

6-8mmol/L

Question 30

Hypernatremia and Hypokalaemia are seen within the electrolytes?

Answer 30

False - Hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia is seen

Question 31

Hypoadrenocortism is regulated by which hormone from the pituitary gland?

Answer 31

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Question 32

Which hormone is produced if a dog has a LOW level of calcium in the blood?

Answer 32

When calcium levels are too low, the glands release a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH), which acts to return calcium levels to normal.

Question 33

If a dog has a large amount of calcium in the blood stream, which hormone will be activated?

Answer 33

Calcitonin