Immune System Flashcards
Physical Barriers?
Skin, surfaces of the GI tract, Respiratory tract and Urogenital Tract.
Innate Immunity?
Pre-existing - enzymes or various proteins.
Rapidly activated - neutrophils and macrophages.
Acquired Immunity?
Responds to specific foreign pathogens, Immune system learns to produce specific cells following infection, against the pathogen involved.
Cells of the immune system?
Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Macrophages, Antibodies, Dendritic cell, T cells, B cells, Cytokines and Natural Killer Cells.
Mast cells?
Release chemicals causing inflammation such as histamine. Inflammation involves increased blood flow.
Where do mast cells reside?
Outside the bloodstream in the tissues. Skin, Lung Tissue, Lymph-nodes, liver and spleen.
T cell?
Recognise antigens that the body has encountered before.
Location of Cells?
originate in bone marrow, become specialised in thymus. Recirculate between bloodstream and lymphatic system and also patrol tissues.
B cell?
Produce antibodies that bind very selectively to antigens which include any substance that prompts an immune response.
Location of a B cell?
In bone marrow and circulate in blood, spend most of cycle in lymphatic system.
Eosinophil?
Contain molecules that kill cells the immune system has marked for destruction. They help clear parasitic infection.
Where are eosinophils located?
They circulate in the blood and then migrate to the tissues that interact with the outside environment.
Dendritic Cells?
Known as antigen presenting cells. They ingest and degrade pathogens but are particularly good at presenting broken down products to other cells of immune system.
Location of dendritic cells?
most common in body tissues that interact with external environment such as skin, lungs and gut lining
Macrophage?
These cells ingest pathogens, cancer cells and macroscopic debris which are then destroyed and recycled with chemicals and enzymes.
Monocyte?
mature into macrophages that phagocytise bacteria and dead cells.
Location of monocytes?
Develop in bone marrow and circulate in blood stream,
Lymph?
Excess tissue fluid within the lymphatic system
Lymph moves?
Towards the heart
Five Lymphnodes?
- Inguinal
- Submandibular
- Prescapular
- Axillary
- Popliteal
Phagocytic cells?
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Macrophages
Two types of adapted immunity?
- Humoral: antibodies produced by plasma B cells in response to pathogens
- Cellular: T cells induce apoptosis of the cells infected by a pathogen, does NOT involve antibodies
Helper T Cells
Recognise processed antigen and coordinated macrophages and B cells in the immune system response, promoting immune function
Cytotoxic T cell?
destroy cells infected with intracellular pathogens such as viruses
Suppressor or Regulatory T Cells
Keep the immune system in check by suppressing immune reactions within tolerable limits
Humoral immunity?
Associated with B Lymphocytes, these mature within BONE marrow. Activated B lymphocytes develop into plasma cells.
How is humeral immunity acquired?
Passive transfer of antibodies
Physical Barriers?
Skin, surface of GI, respiratory or urogenital tracts
Innate Immunity?
Colostrum from a dam to a puppy
Acquired Immunity?
Vaccination or previous infection
Antibody producing cells?
B Cells
