Vitamins & Minerals

Question 1

lipids are a __ source of energy

Answer 1

concentrated

Question 2

major lipid source in livestock diets

Answer 2

triglycerides

Question 3

saturated vs unsaturated fats

Answer 3

1. solid at room temp
2. liquid at room temp, have double bonds

Question 4

2 essential fatty acids

Answer 4

linoleic and linolenic acids

Question 5

crude fat or ether extract

Answer 5

lipid extracted using diethyl ether

Question 6

sources low in fats vs high in fats

Answer 6

grains, protein supplements, roughages vs. animal fats, vegetable oils

Question 7

reasons for fat supplement (5)

Answer 7

energy, palatability, vitamins and fatty acids, dust control, lubrication

Question 8

vitamin and mineral needs depend on (7):

Answer 8

feed source, plant species, forage management, stage of plant growth, soil type, weather, water quality

Question 9

minerals contain no __ and are typically provided in a __

Answer 9

carbon, vitamin-mineral premix

Question 10

macro minerals (7)

Answer 10

calcium, potassium, chlorine, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium

Question 11

functions of minerals (4)

Answer 11

maintain acid-base balance and osmotic pressure, digestive acids, muscle contractions

Question 12

calcium functions

Answer 12

bone formation, muscle contraction, nerve function, blood clotting, egg shells

Question 13

calcium sources (3)

Answer 13

limestone, meat and bone meal, alfalfa

Question 14

calcium deficiency symptoms

Answer 14

rickets, milk fever, cage layer fatigue

Question 15

phosphorus functions

Answer 15

bone formation, metabolic function

Question 16

phosphorus sources (2)

Answer 16

meat and bone meal, plant sources

Question 17

phosphorus deficiency symptoms

Answer 17

pica, leg weakness

Question 18

sulfur functions (3)

Answer 18

building blocks of amino acids, detox, needed for ruminal gut bugs

Question 19

sulfur sources (4)

Answer 19

sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium

Question 20

functions of magnesium

Answer 20

activates metabolic enzymes, breaks down glucose, DNA replication

Question 21

sources of magnesium

Answer 21

magnesium oxide

Question 22

potassium function

Answer 22

required in large amounts for normal bodily function

Question 23

source of potassium

Answer 23

forages

Question 24

sodium and chlorine (salt) functions

Answer 24

osmotic and pH balance, sodium [muscle/nerve function], chlorine [gastric juice]

Question 25

salt (sodium/chlorine) sources

Answer 25

NaCl (in premix)

Question 26

fat soluble vitamins (4)

Answer 26

A, D, E, K

Question 27

vitamin A function

Answer 27

vision, epithelial tissue, bone growth, infection resistance

Question 28

vitamin A sources (2)

Answer 28

grasses, alfalfa

Question 29

vitamin A deficiency (4)

Answer 29

edema, abnormal bone growth, rough hair, night blindness

Question 30

Vitamin D functions

Answer 30

regulation of Ca & P metabolism, bone growth, immune response

Question 31

vitamin D sources (2)

Answer 31

sunlight, commercial sources

Question 32

vitamin D deficiency (2)

Answer 32

rickets, milk fever

Question 33

vitamin E function

Answer 33

antioxidant

Question 34

vitamin E sources (3)

Answer 34

green leafy forages, alfalfa, whole grains

Question 35

vitamin K function

Answer 35

blood clotting

Question 36

vitamin K sources (2)

Answer 36

plant and bacterial sources, synthetic form

Question 37

how many B vitamins are there

Answer 37

9

Question 38

another name for thiamine and what happens with deficiency

Answer 38

vitamin B1, polio

Question 39

functions of water (6)

Answer 39

temp regulation, chemical reactions, joint lube, organ cushion, transportation, sight and sound