Horses Flashcards
what were thoroughbreds bred to do
race
when did thoroughbred breeding start
1600s
when was the first general studbook for thoroughbreds published
1793, distinguishes as a closed breed
what is The Jockey Club
thoroughbred breed registry for Canada, USA and Puerto Rico
founded in 1894
3 foundation thoroughbred stallions
Godolphin Arabian, Byerley Turk, Darley Arabian
- paired with 70 royal mares
global population of thoroughbreds
500,000
what does closed breed mean
only way is to have BOTH parents of same breed
low effective numbers for thoroughbreds means
there is inbreeding
all thoroughbreds related to each other by at least 12.5%
why do thoroughbreds travel
race, breed, go to new owners
thoroughbred races in __ countries
50
thoroughbreds race __ races
flat (no jumps)
top 5 biggest race purses
- Saudi Cup
- The Everest
- Dubai World Cup
- Prix de l’Arc Triomphe
- Pegasus World Cup
thoroughbred breeding
NO AI ALLOWED
only live cover breeding
2 dates of thoroughbred birthdays
January 1
August 1 (southern hemisphere)
thoroughbreds are __ breeders
seasonal
horse gestation
11 months
stallions move between ___ and mares __
northern and southern hemispheres
mares move to them
thoroughbred foal crops are __ in size
decreasing
why is there a mare cap for thoroughbred stallions
to prevent hella inbreeding
thoroughbred inbreeding consequences (7)
- not sound
- short competitive life
- low fertility
- spine malformations
- exertional rhabdomyolysis
- pulmonary hemorrhage
- roaring
greatest Canadian thoroughbred sire
Northern Dancer
what were warmblood sport horses bred for
to perform
- jumping, dressage, eventing
warmblood sporthhorses are a breed T/F
false
they are a group of breeds and registries
what was crossed to create warmblood sporthhorses
draft type x thoroughbreds x sometimes Arabian
- in Europe
open breed
allows addition of horses that have only one parent of the breed, must be approved
registration requirements for warmblood sporthhorses
- parentage verification
- inspection of conformation and movement
registration and breeding approval for warmblood sporthhorses
can be revoked
warmblood sporthhorses travel to
compete, go to new owners
types of competitions
international, Olympic
breeding of warmblood sporthhorses
extensive use of AI and embryo transfer
limitations of AI
poor freezability of stallion semen
- use fresh, cooled semen. Requires good timing
AI can ___ carried by popular stallions
propagate deleterious mutations
peak competitive age for warmblood sporthhorses
7-15 years
when breeding warmblood sporthhorses, search for __
DNA performance markers
where do the best polo ponies and players come from
Argentina
what was crossed to create polo ponies
thoroughbred x criollo
polo ponies travel to
compete, go to new owners
there is a registry for polo ponies T/F
false
they do not care if their horse is registered
world polo championship restricts total team handicap to
14
handicaps range from -2 (__), to +10 (__)
novice, the best
women were allowed in world polo championships in
2022
world snow polo championship moved from __ to __ in 2022
France to USA
international polo competitions
not extensive
reproduction in polo ponies
lots of tech
AI to cloning
many __ __ companies in Argentina
horse cloning
to churn out copies of top polo ponies
__-__ polo ponies exported from Argentina annually
3,000 - 4,000
average price of a polo pony
$25,000 USD
effects of moving horses worldwide
spread of disease
example of disease spread because of international travel
Equine Influenza Epizootic
__ __ outbreaks from contaminated semen
equine arthritis
tick borne diseases
Lyme disease, Piroplasmosis, Anaplasmosis
horses can be asymptomatic carriers of
herpes virsuses, streptococcus eqi
disease can be transferred via contaminated __
embryos
what is mare cap for stallions born 2020+
140
