GI Physiology

Question 1

what is digestion

Answer 1

breaking large complex molecules down into simpler molecules that the animal can use

Question 2

3 major complex molecules

Answer 2

protein, fat, carbs

Question 3

herbivore

Answer 3

only eats plants

Question 4

carnivore

Answer 4

eats almost entirely meat

Question 5

omnivore

Answer 5

eats both meat and plants

Question 6

monogastric

Answer 6

1 stomach

Question 7

ruminant

Answer 7

4 stomachs

Question 8

pseudo-ruminants

Answer 8

3 stomachs, missing omasum

Question 9

order of digestive system (7)

Answer 9

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

Question 10

prehension

Answer 10

munchin (getting food into mouth)

Question 11

what does saliva do

Answer 11

lubricates and starts breaking down carbs with amylase

Question 12

mastication (ruminants vs chickens)

Answer 12

mechanical digestion, chewing food
ruminants eat fast then re-masticate, chickens rely on grit in gizzard

Question 13

traits of monogastric (4)

Answer 13

limited capacity, lots of enzymes, not a lot of bugs, can’t do fiber well

Question 14

monogastric stomach function

Answer 14

reservoir, enzymatic activity, low pH, hormone secretions

Question 15

small intestine (monogastric)

Answer 15

principle digestive organ, bile from gallbladder, enzymes from pancreas

Question 16

three parts of small intestine

Answer 16

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 17

cecum

Answer 17

where small and large intestine meets

Question 18

large intestine (monogastric)

Answer 18

microbial fermentation, water reabsorption

Question 19

ruminant saliva functions

Answer 19

lube, enzymes, feed gut bugs, buffering capacity, antifoaming agent

Question 20

4 stomachs in order

Answer 20

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

Question 21

rumination definition

Answer 21

cud-chewing

Question 22

eructation

Answer 22

gases generated by fermentation

Question 23

largest stomach with lots of ___

Answer 23

rumen, papillae

Question 24

rumen function

Answer 24

anerobic fermentation via microbes

Question 25

rumen + fiber

Answer 25

breaks down fiber into short chain fatty acids, absorbed through rumen wall, this is the energy supply

Question 26

rumen + bacteria

Answer 26

bacteria are digested in rumen as primary source of protein, also create vitamin B/K

Question 27

pH of rumen

Answer 27

5.5 - 6.9

Question 28

location + appearance of reticulum

Answer 28

close to heart, honey comb structure

Question 29

esophageal groove

Answer 29

muscular fold that bypasses rumen when calves are eating only milk

Question 30

what stomach holds rogue heavy things

Answer 30

reticulum

Question 31

omasum shape and division

Answer 31

globe shaped, divided by laminae (like book pages)

Question 32

function of omasum

Answer 32

squeezing and absorbing excess fluids

Question 33

abomasum function

Answer 33

true stomach of cow, acid and enzymatic digestion, contains glands

Question 34

fiber mat

Answer 34

layer of fiber that separates liquid from gas in ruminants, helps stimulate rumen muscles

Question 35

monogastric vs ruminant digestion

Answer 35

enzymes vs microbial [mostly for both], why ruminants can break down more complex carbohydrates

Question 36

parts of avian digestive system (10)

Answer 36

mouth/beak, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, cloaca, vent

Question 37

crop function

Answer 37

feed storage and moistening, fuel gauge [sends signal to brain when empty], there so chicken can forage lots and digest later

Question 38

proventriculus function

Answer 38

glandular stomach with acids and enzymes

Question 39

gizzard function

Answer 39

muscular stomach, mechanical breakdown with grit

Question 40

ceca function

Answer 40

where small and large intestines meet

Question 41

cloaca function

Answer 41

common chamber for GI and urinary tracts

Question 42

vent function

Answer 42

common exit for GI and urinary tracts