Biotechnology & Genetics

Question 1

domestication

Answer 1

process of adapting wild plants and animals

Question 2

requirements of domestication and production

Answer 2

feeding (nutrition), animal health, selection of stock

Question 3

phenotype selection in breeding

Answer 3

structural & breeding soundness, udder capacity, indicators of productivity and viability, visible factors affecting market price

Question 4

selection

Answer 4

breeding only certain individuals chosen for “desirable” characteristics

Question 5

culling

Answer 5

eliminating some individuals from breeding

Question 6

heritability estimate

Answer 6

proportion of variation due to genes and not environment or random chance

Question 7

Heritability is an assessment of __

Answer 7

how successfully or quickly a trait can be improved by selection

Question 8

qualitative traits

Answer 8

not influenced by environment, results from one or a few pairs of genes [either yes or no]

Question 9

quantitative traits

Answer 9

many genes plus environment contributing to trait [continuous variation in phenotypes]

Question 10

genetics

Answer 10

identifies genes that can enhance animal growth, health, ability to use nutrients

Question 11

genomics

Answer 11

studies the complete set of genetic information

Question 12

nucleotides

Answer 12

sugar + phosphate + nitrogenous base (A, C, T, G)

Question 13

where is DNA found (2)

Answer 13

nucleus + mitochondria

Question 14

female vs. male chromosome

Answer 14

XX vs XY

Question 15

alleles

Answer 15

different forms of same DNA (two halves of chromosome)

Question 16

homozygous

Answer 16

same alleles
AA or TT

Question 17

heterozygous

Answer 17

different alleles
AT

Question 18

genotype

Answer 18

genetic makeup (alleles)

Question 19

phenotype

Answer 19

what can be seen or measured

Question 20

dominant allele

Answer 20

phenotypically displayed if present

Question 21

recessive allele

Answer 21

expressed only in homozygous state

Question 22

types of DNA mutations (5)

Answer 22

substitution, insertion, deletion, duplication, inversion

Question 23

non-mendelian inheritance

Answer 23

codominance, incomplete dominance

Question 24

discrete traits

Answer 24

two phenotypes

Question 25

continuous traits

Answer 25

trait that varies within population

Question 26

what is somatic cell nuclear transfer

Answer 26

cloning
(putting nucleus into different cell bodies)

Question 27

transgenic animal

Answer 27

one that carries a foreign gene that has deliberately been inserted into its genome (can be from different species)

Question 28

transgene

Answer 28

gene that is artificially introduced into genome of different organism

Question 29

CRISPR-Cas9

Answer 29

bacterial defense mechanism modified to cut DNA at a specific spot on any genome in any cell/embryo