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ANSC 212 > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

T/F: dark yolks are healthier

A

False

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2
Q

T/F chicken and turkey meat has added steroids and hormones

A

False

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3
Q

T/F broilers are housed in cages all their life

A

False

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4
Q

T/F eggs with blood spots have embryos

A

False

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5
Q

T/F hen needs a rooster to lay an egg

A

False

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6
Q

T/F chickens can carry COVID

A

False

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7
Q

Poultry definition

A

domestic fowl that produce an economic service to humans

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8
Q

Broiler vs leghorn

A

meat bird vs. table egg production bird

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9
Q

lightest to heaviest meat chickens (3)

A

rock Cornish game hen, broiler, roaster

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10
Q

Pullet definition

A

females prior to sexual maturity
(heifer chicken)

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11
Q

Hen definition

A

females after sexual maturity

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12
Q

newly hatched turkey

A

poult

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13
Q

lightest to heaviest meat categories of turkeys (5)

A

broiler, light hens, heavy hens, light toms, heavy toms

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14
Q

what is pigeon meat called

A

squab

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15
Q

what happens during brooding

A

time of life when supplemental heat is required

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16
Q

rearing stage of life

A

between brooding and reaching sexual maturity

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17
Q

reproductive stage of life

A

birds have reached sexual maturity (meat turkeys and broilers butchered before this)

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18
Q

chicken consumption increasing or decreasing in Canada?

A

increasing

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19
Q

what is not considered part of commercial industry

A

backyard poultry industry

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20
Q

commercial poultry industry excels at… (4)

A

intensification, economies of scale, disease control, precise nutrition

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21
Q

Canada vs. U.S. industry

A

Canada has Market Supply Management System (QUOTA)

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22
Q

advantages of quota (4)

A

small amount of import and export, maintains family farms, steady income for producers, no major surplus or shortages

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23
Q

disadvantages of quota (3)

A

must purchase quota to get into commercial production, product more expensive for consumers, difficult to get into ($$)

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24
Q

Vertical integration

A

most of all the steps in production owned by large company

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25
how are genetics controlled
by primary breeder groups, provide genetics worldwide
26
role of primary breeder groups (4)
genetic selection, technical assistance for producers, multiplication of stock, hybrid vigor
27
how many primary breeder groups for broilers, turkeys, laying hens
2, 2, 4
28
why are all commercial birds 4 way breed crosses
to protect the genetics
29
order of chicken digestive system (5)
crop, proventriculus, ventriculus/gizzard, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), ceca
30
nutrient density and feed form depends on:
meat and egg production
31
kinds of feed forms (3)
pellets, crumbles, mash
32
advantages of pellets and crumbles (5)
increase body weight gain, less waste, can kill some bacteria, increases palatability and digestibility, cannot pick out pieces
33
advantages of mash feeds
keep body weight gain lower, reduced processing cost, can be done on-farm
34
basic ingredients in poultry nutrition (3)
energy, protein, minerals/vitamins
35
specific nutrient requirements based on...
end product of birds meat: energy and protein for muscle eggs: calcium and phosphorus for shells
36
feed and water delivery to birds is __
automated
37
most poultry houses totally controlled for __ (4)
temperature, humidity, ventilation, light
38
egg collection and manure removal in housing is
automated
38
alternatives to conventional cages (2)
enriched cages, cage-free systems
38
conventional cages
been used since 1930's but they are phasing out due to welfare
38
what is provided in enriched cages (4)
nesting areas, perches, dustbathing systems, more space
39
major components of hen house (4)
ventilation, lights, feeders, waterers
40
T/F broilers and turkeys are all free run birds
True
41
major components on broiler house (5)
ventilation, lights, feeders, waterers, litter
42
biosecurity is __
prevention of disease rather than control
43
factors in disease control (5)
all-in all-out, monitoring who comes in, location of farm, purchase of chicks from reputable hatcheries, cleaning/disinfecting
44
what does precocial mean
hatch with feathery stuff, ready to RIP
45
prior to incubation eggs can be stored at what temp + humidity for how long
10-18 degrees Celsius, 70-80% humidity, for 1-7 days
46
egg tooth
sharp point on beak to break out of shell
47
how often and why turn eggs
minimum 8x per day, to keep yolk from sticking to shell
48
egg orientation during incubation
incubate small end down to avoid chick malposition, on side to hatch
49
egg remover function + advantages
uses candling to remove nonviable eggs, reduces processing/cleaning time at hatchery
50
shortest to longest incubation times (4)
chicken, turkey/duck, geese
50
infrared light treatment on chicks
to dull beak, reduces cannibalism
51
national/provincial board
Chicken Farmers of Canada/Sask
52
broiler unit generally run as
all-in all-out units on an 8 week cycle (6.5 cycles per year)
53
how long till broiler chickens reach market
30-49 days (do not reach sexual maturity)
54
spread of chicks can help determine
temp and drafts
55
what does loading out refer to
shipment of broilers to processing plant (at night, slaughter in morning)
56
2 target broiler weights in Canada
1.75 and 2.5 kg
57
Broiler Grades
Grade A: good to go Utility: put into processes chicken products
58
how many turkey producers in Sask
10, one slaughter plant
59
poult
newly hatched turkey
60
young tom
juvenile male
61
young turkey hen
juvenile female
62
turkey tom
mature male
63
turkey hen
mature female
64
why are commercial turkeys white
no color leeching from feathers into meat
65
how turkeys are bred
ALL artificial insemination

ANSC 212 (14 decks)

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