Anatomy Flashcards
What end is cranial?
Front end (head)
What end is caudal?
Rear end
Where is the dorsal side?
Upper side (the backbone)
Where is the ventral side?
opposite of backbone, underside/belly
Cranial aka…
anterior
caudal aka…
posterior
midsagittal plane divides animal into __ and __
left and right
transvers plane divides animal into __ and __
front and rear
frontal plane divides animal into __ and __
top and bottom
tissues are made of __
cells
Organs are made of __
tissues
systems are made of __
organs
most cells contain these two components
nucleus and cytoplasm
what kind of cells do not have a nucleus? what is the exception?
red blood cells, birds
what is contained in the nucleus
genes and chromosomes
what contains everything outside of the nucleus
cytoplasm
function of mitochondria
cell powerhouse, creates ATP
function of ribosomes
makes protein
function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
transport system
function of golgi apparatus
deals with secretory products
function of lysosomes
breaks down proteins, carbs, nucleic acids
eight types of tissue
blood, bone, adipose, epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous, cartilage
organs have __+ tissue types
2
organs are designed to:
carry out functions too complex for a single tissue
definition of a system
several organs working together to accomplish a common function
what are the 10 body systems
skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive, nervous, endocrine, immune
components of external body parts system
skin, pelage (wool, hair, feathers), hooves, claws, horns
3 functions of skin
physical barrier, temp regulation, monitors enviro chnages
__ glands use ducts, __ glands use follicles
sweat, sebaceous
3 layers of skin (top to bottom)
epidermis, dermis, sub-cutaneous
what is forced molting
using altered light durations to being an older flock back into lay
what are cloven hooves
split, two-toes
what are the two roles of horns
defense, temp regulation
system including bony tissue that forms the animals internal framework
skeletal system
4 functions of skeletal system
form + support, locomotion, protection, production of RBC
what is the inner core of bone called
bone marrow
marrow that is mostly fat:
yellow marrow
red bone marrow function
makes blood cells and platelets
calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D added to feed helps with:
bone strength
common food sources that help with bone strength (2)
limestone, alfalfa
3 parts of axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, rib cage
2 parts of appendicular skeleton
front and back limbs
5 types of vertbra
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
where are cervical vertebra?
neck
where are thoracic vertebra? what do they form on horses?
attached to ribs, withers
where are lumbar vertebra?
lower back
where are sacral vertebra?
sacrum
where are coccygeal vertebra?
tail
atlas and axis vertebra allow for:
neck movement
how many cervical vertebra do mammals have? Chickens?
7 & 14
how many thoracic vertebra are there? for a cow?
12-18 & 13-14
how many lumbar vertebra? what steak cut is the bone in?
5-6, T-bone
__ sacral vertebra fused to form __
4-5, sacrum
best body condition score?
3.0
__ forms floor of thorax, __ not attached to this
sternum, floating ribs
pectoral and pelvic limbs are the:
front and back legs
perissodactyl
odd toed, bear weight on 1 toe
Artiodactyl
even toed, bear weight on 2 toes
Carpals versus tarsals
wrist vs ankles
[pectoral vs pelvic]
