Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What end is cranial?

A

Front end (head)

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2
Q

What end is caudal?

A

Rear end

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3
Q

Where is the dorsal side?

A

Upper side (the backbone)

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4
Q

Where is the ventral side?

A

opposite of backbone, underside/belly

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5
Q

Cranial aka…

A

anterior

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6
Q

caudal aka…

A

posterior

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7
Q

midsagittal plane divides animal into __ and __

A

left and right

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8
Q

transvers plane divides animal into __ and __

A

front and rear

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9
Q

frontal plane divides animal into __ and __

A

top and bottom

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10
Q

tissues are made of __

A

cells

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11
Q

Organs are made of __

A

tissues

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12
Q

systems are made of __

A

organs

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13
Q

most cells contain these two components

A

nucleus and cytoplasm

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14
Q

what kind of cells do not have a nucleus? what is the exception?

A

red blood cells, birds

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15
Q

what is contained in the nucleus

A

genes and chromosomes

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16
Q

what contains everything outside of the nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

function of mitochondria

A

cell powerhouse, creates ATP

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18
Q

function of ribosomes

A

makes protein

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19
Q

function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

transport system

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20
Q

function of golgi apparatus

A

deals with secretory products

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21
Q

function of lysosomes

A

breaks down proteins, carbs, nucleic acids

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22
Q

eight types of tissue

A

blood, bone, adipose, epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous, cartilage

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23
Q

organs have __+ tissue types

A

2

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24
Q

organs are designed to:

A

carry out functions too complex for a single tissue

25
Q

definition of a system

A

several organs working together to accomplish a common function

26
Q

what are the 10 body systems

A

skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive, nervous, endocrine, immune

27
Q

components of external body parts system

A

skin, pelage (wool, hair, feathers), hooves, claws, horns

28
Q

3 functions of skin

A

physical barrier, temp regulation, monitors enviro chnages

29
Q

__ glands use ducts, __ glands use follicles

A

sweat, sebaceous

30
Q

3 layers of skin (top to bottom)

A

epidermis, dermis, sub-cutaneous

31
Q

what is forced molting

A

using altered light durations to being an older flock back into lay

32
Q

what are cloven hooves

A

split, two-toes

33
Q

what are the two roles of horns

A

defense, temp regulation

34
Q

system including bony tissue that forms the animals internal framework

A

skeletal system

35
Q

4 functions of skeletal system

A

form + support, locomotion, protection, production of RBC

36
Q

what is the inner core of bone called

A

bone marrow

37
Q

marrow that is mostly fat:

A

yellow marrow

38
Q

red bone marrow function

A

makes blood cells and platelets

39
Q

calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D added to feed helps with:

A

bone strength

40
Q

common food sources that help with bone strength (2)

A

limestone, alfalfa

41
Q

3 parts of axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, rib cage

42
Q

2 parts of appendicular skeleton

A

front and back limbs

43
Q

5 types of vertbra

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

44
Q

where are cervical vertebra?

A

neck

45
Q

where are thoracic vertebra? what do they form on horses?

A

attached to ribs, withers

46
Q

where are lumbar vertebra?

A

lower back

47
Q

where are sacral vertebra?

A

sacrum

48
Q

where are coccygeal vertebra?

A

tail

49
Q

atlas and axis vertebra allow for:

A

neck movement

50
Q

how many cervical vertebra do mammals have? Chickens?

A

7 & 14

51
Q

how many thoracic vertebra are there? for a cow?

A

12-18 & 13-14

52
Q

how many lumbar vertebra? what steak cut is the bone in?

A

5-6, T-bone

53
Q

__ sacral vertebra fused to form __

A

4-5, sacrum

54
Q

best body condition score?

A

3.0

55
Q

__ forms floor of thorax, __ not attached to this

A

sternum, floating ribs

56
Q

pectoral and pelvic limbs are the:

A

front and back legs

57
Q

perissodactyl

A

odd toed, bear weight on 1 toe

58
Q

Artiodactyl

A

even toed, bear weight on 2 toes

59
Q

Carpals versus tarsals

A

wrist vs ankles
[pectoral vs pelvic]