VITAMINS (INTRO), VITAMIN A

Question 1

word coined by casimir funk, where vitamin was derived

Answer 1

vitamine

Question 2

means necessary for life

Answer 2

vita

Question 3

means contains nitrogen

Answer 3

amine

Question 4

vitamins are formerly called as

Answer 4

accessory food factors

Question 5

Organic molecules required by a living organism in minute amounts for proper health.

Answer 5

vitamins

Question 6

○ Needed in small amounts for specific regulatory functions to maintain life and normal growth.
○ Does not provide energy, but plays a role in energy utilization.

Answer 6

vitamins

Question 7

Compounds that can be changed into vitamins; potential vitamins

Answer 7

precursors / provitamins

Question 8

naturally-occurring that are in active form and are ready for use.

Answer 8

preformed vitamins

Question 9

condition resulting from lack of vitamin in its later stage when more defined symptoms occur such that a nutritional deficiency is recognizable

Answer 9

avitaminosis

Question 10

vitamin toxicity; excessive accumulation of a vitamin in the body

Answer 10

hypervitaminosis

Question 11

too much or too little amount of a vitamin.

Answer 11

vitamin malnutrition

Question 12

Some substances which have physiological roles like vitamins but are present in larger amounts and are partially synthesized in the body

Answer 12

vitamin-like compounds

Question 13

substances which interfere with the normal functioning of a
vitamin

Answer 13

antivitamins / vitamin antagonists

Question 14

man-made vitamins or synthesized in the laboratory

Answer 14

synthetic vitamins

Question 15

multiple forms of a vitamin.

Answer 15

vitamers

Question 16

● A, D, E and K
● Have precursors or provitamins
● Can be stored in the body
● Not absolutely needed daily from food sources
● Generally stable, even during cooking

Answer 16

fat-soluble vitamins

Question 17

● Vitamin C and B complex
● Must be supplied everyday in the diet
● Do not have precursors

Answer 17

water soluble vitamins

Question 18

● Not stored significantly in the body, excreted in the urine
● Deficiency more likely to develop
● More likely to be destroyed in ordinary cooking

Answer 18

water-soluble vitamins

Question 19

● Also known as Retinol, Retinoic Acid
● vital for vision, growth, the immune system, and reproduction.
● It is essential for the integrity of the mucous membranes throughout the body and necessary for healthy skin, bone and tooth growth

Answer 19

vitamin a

Question 20

___ are precursors of Vitamin A and the body converts it into active vitamin A form

Answer 20

carotenoids

Question 21

other precursors of vitamin A

Answer 21

carotenes, cryptoxanthin

Question 22

● In the formative years, it is important for spacing of teeth, tooth enamel, and formation of bones
● It has an important role in the building of body cells
● It is essential for the growth of children and the development of babies before birth

Answer 22

vitamin a

Question 23

Vitamin A activity is measured in ___ because various forms of vitamin have different activity levels

Answer 23

RE - retinal equivalents

Question 24

One RE Vitamin (in mcg) equals to:

from plant foods (average estimate for avg. carotenoids)

Answer 24

10 IU

Question 25

One RE Vitamin (in mcg) equals to: from beta-carotene e (carotenoid with the most A activity)

Answer 25

6 IU

Question 26

One RE Vitamin (in mcg) equals to: from alpha-carotene or cryptoxanthin (carotenoids)

Answer 26

12 IU

Question 27

One RE Vitamin (in mcg) equals to: from animal foods and chemical form used to fortify foods

Answer 27

3.33 IU

Question 28

One RE Vitamin (in mcg) equals to: from cheese (a mixture of retinols and carotenoids)

Answer 28

3.50 IU

Question 29

One RE Vitamin (in mcg) equals to: from yogurt and milk (a mixture of retinoids and carotenoids)

Answer 29

4.10 IU

Question 30

Results of nutrition surveys in the Philippines showed that 87% of retinol comes from ___ sources, particularly beta-carotene. Only 13% comes from ___ sources of preformed vitamin A

Answer 30

plant; animal

Question 31

RENI: males 19 years >

Answer 31

550 mcg RE

Question 32

RENI: females 19 years >

Answer 32

500 mcg RE

Question 33

RENI: pregnancy

Answer 33

800 mcg RE

Question 34

RENI: lactation

Answer 34

900 mcg RE

Question 35

RENI: infants

Answer 35

400 mcg RE

Question 36

RENI: children

Answer 36

400 mcg RE

Question 37

RENI: boys and girls (10-18)

Answer 37

1300 mcg RE

Question 38

causes changes in the integrity of epithelial cells that lead to kin alterations known as follicular hyperkeratosis or “goose-bump flesh.” where small raised bumps of skin surround the hair follicles on the body

Answer 38

vit A deficiency

Question 39

a cause of blindness that results from vitamin A deficiency. The specific cause is linked to a lack of mucus production by the eye, which then leaves it at a greater risk of damage from surface dirt and bacteria.

Answer 39

xerophthalmia - dry eye

Question 40

___ or adverse effects are only from the retinol form of vitamin A

Answer 40

toxicity

Question 41

true or false: a person cannot overdose on vit A from plants

Answer 41

true

Question 42

may result from excessive carotene in the blood characterized by an abnormal yellow color of the skin and plasma. It is not toxic and is reversible

Answer 42

carotenemia

Question 43

A pregnant woman who takes more than ___ a day doubles her risk of giving birth to a child with birth defects

Answer 43

10,000 IU

Question 44

Chronic vitamin A toxicity leads to ___

Answer 44

liver damage