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NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY > VITAMINS D, E, K, and C > Flashcards

VITAMINS D, E, K, and C Flashcards

1
Q

Its primary significance lies in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus absorption, as well as the facilitation of a healthy immune system.

A

vitamin D

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2
Q

imperative for the typical growth and development of bones and teeth, while also enhancing the body’s resilience against certain illnesses

A

vitamin D

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3
Q

Vitamin D signals the ___ to absorb more calcium, the bones to release more, and the kidneys to retain more in the body

A

GI tract

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4
Q

Given enough sun, a person will have sufficient vitamin D. A daily ___ walk in the morning

A

15-20 minute

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5
Q

Too much sun breaks down ___ and ___ that form the skin, leaving it thinner and more wrinkled as you age.

A

collagen and elastin proteins

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6
Q

true or false: Darker skinned people require longer exposure to
sunlight than lighter skinned people to make the same amount of vitamin D

A

true

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7
Q

different of exposure time to sunlight between dark skinned and light skinned people

A

dark skinned - 3 hours
light skinned - 30 minutes

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8
Q

○ Is the final active form of vitamin D.
○ Also known as 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

A

calcitriol

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9
Q
  • D2
  • form found in food
A

Ergocalciferol

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10
Q
  • D3
  • biologically inert and is converted to calcitriol in the liver
A

Cholecalciferol

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11
Q

The precursor present in the
skin, becomes vitamin D upon exposure to ultraviolet light or sunshine. Note that the precursor is a form of cholesterol.

A

7-dehydrocholesterol

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12
Q

vitamin D RENI:

for infants, children, adolescents and adults 19-49 years;

A

5 mcg

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13
Q

vitamin D RENI:

for male and female 50-64 years of age

A

10 mcg

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14
Q

vitamin D RENI:

for older persons (65 years and over).

A

15 mcg

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15
Q

the disease that results from inadequate exposure to sunlight or
inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D as an infant.

A

rickets

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16
Q

characterized by bowed legs, narrow rib cages, and other deformities. It still affects many children worldwide.

A

rickets

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17
Q

vit D deficiency in adults

A
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Osteomalacia and osteoporosis
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18
Q

With an ___, many people do not get sufficient exposure to sunlight to create enough vitamin D for their needs

A

indoor lifestyle

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19
Q

Vitamin D toxicity can occur by consuming ___ only

A

suupplements

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20
Q

○ calcification of soft tissues,
○ reduced kidney function because of calcification
○ central nervous system disorders.

A

vit D toxicity

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21
Q

A megadose of ___ vitamin D a day can cause irreversible damage for the kidneys and heart.

A

2,000 IU

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22
Q

● Alpha Tocopherol, other Tocopherols, & Tocotrienols
● composed of eight forms: the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta tocopherols and the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta tocotrienols.

A

vitamin E

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23
Q

most active form of vitamin E

A

alpha-tocopherol

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24
Q

● Stabilizes cell membranes, promotes healing of tissues, protects red and white blood cells, and regulates oxidation reactions
● Acts as an antioxidant to prevent cell-membrane damage

A

vitamin E

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25
Q

● Helps to protect unsaturated fats in the body, especially the polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) from
oxidation.
● Detoxifies radicals (destructive substances)

A

vitamin E

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26
Q

● Aids in the growth on new tissues and the healing of damage tissue from surgery or burns
● Protects red blood cells from hemolysis

A

vitamin E

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27
Q

When LDL is oxidized, it is more likely to promote the buildup of fatty plaque in the artery walls called ___

A

atherosclerosis

28
Q

1 IU of vitamin E = ___ mg

A

0.67 mg

29
Q

vitamin E RENI:

adult males and females (>19)

A

12 mg

30
Q

minimum adult requirement of vitamin E (US)

A

4 mg or 6 IU per day

31
Q

natural form of vitamin E

A

d-tocopherol

32
Q

Rare, usually associated with diseases of fat malabsorption such as cystic fibrosis and in individuals consuming very low-fat diets for a
prolonged period.

A

vitamin E deficiency

33
Q

● May interfere with blood clotting and enhance the effects of drugs used to oppose blood clotting, such as aspirin, or anticoagulant.
● Upset stomach and dizziness

A

vitamin E toxicity

34
Q

main source of vit E found in supplements (European diet)

A

alpha-tocopherol

35
Q

most common form of vit E in the American diet

A

gamma-tocopherol

36
Q

● Vitamin K helps in the synthesis of a specific bone protein, and vitamin D regulates the synthesis
● For blood clotting
● Essential for the synthesis prothrombin and at least five other clotting factors to produce fibrin

A

vitamin K

37
Q

● Important for the synthesis of other proteins in the bone, plasma, and kidney
● Address the calcium paradox by promoting bone density, inhibiting bone loss and inhibiting vascular calcification

A

vitamin K

38
Q

Menadione and other synthetic vitamin K are ___

A

water-soluble

39
Q

other names for vitamin K

A

Naphthoquinone
Phylloquinone - K1
Menaquinone - K2
Menadione - K3

40
Q

vitamin K RENI:

male adults > 19

A

59 mcg

41
Q

vitamin K RENI:

female adults >19

A

51 mcg

42
Q

vitamin K RENI:

children 1-12 years

A

13-35 mcg/day

43
Q

vitamin K RENI:

adolescents 13-18 years

A

49-50-140 mcg/day

44
Q

US and UK RENI for vitamin K

A

80-300 mcg/day

45
Q

blood cannot clot, coagulation is lacking, resulting in hemorrhagic disease

A

vitamin K deficiency

46
Q

symptom of vit K toxicity

A

jaundice

47
Q

best sources of vit K

A

dark green vegetables

48
Q

Vitamin K is fairly stable, although sensitive to ___. Thus, clinical preparations are kept
in dark bottles.

A

light and irradation

49
Q

● Other name: Ascorbic Acid
● Classification: Water Soluble Vitamins
○ Very reactive vitamin
○ Convertible in different forms
○ Chemical structure of ascorbic acid is similar to glucose
○ They must be supplied daily in food

A

vitamin C

50
Q

● Formation and maintenance of the protein and collagen
● Repairs connective tissues keeps capillaries and other blood vessels strong
● Necessary in metabolism of proteins

A

vitamin C

51
Q

vitamin c aids in hormone production (4)

A

INET

insulin
norepinephrine
epinephrine
thyroxine

52
Q

● Builds body resistance to infections
● Major antioxidant
● Helps to cope severe stress

A

vitamin C

53
Q

vitamin C stabilizes ___ and ___ and enhances iron absoprtion

A

vitamin E and folic acid

54
Q

vitamin C RENI:

males > 19

A

75 mg/day

55
Q

vitamin C RENI:

females > 19

A

70 mg/day

56
Q

vitamin C RENI:

pregnant

A

105 mg/day

57
Q

vitamin C RENI:

lactation

A

120 mg/day
1-6 months - 105
7-12 months - 100

58
Q

vitamin C RENI:

1-6 yrs
infants 6-11 mos

A

30 mg/day

59
Q

vitamin C RENI:

7-9 yrs

A

35 mg/day

60
Q

vitamin C RENI:

boys (10-12, 13-15, 16-18)

A

10-12 - 45 mg/day
13-15 - 65 mg/day
16-18 - 75 mg/day

61
Q

infants 6-11 mos

girls (10-12, 13-15, 16-18)

A

10-12 - 70 mg/day
13-15 - 45 mg/day
16-18 - 65 mg/day

62
Q

severe deficiency in Vitamin C

A

scurvy

63
Q

iron overload because Vitamin C intake enhances Iron intake

A

Hemochromatosis

64
Q

Megadoses of vitamin C 2,000 mg or more a day interfere ___ utilization

A

vitamin b12

65
Q

Massive doses of vitamin C conflict with ___ medications

A

anti-clotting

66
Q

true or false: blanching vegetable inactive the enzyme for vit C

A

true

67
Q

___ retains more vitamin C than canning or cooking in syrups or water

A

quick freezing

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (17 decks)

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