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NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY > VITAMINS B9, B1, B2, B3, and PYRIDOXINE > Flashcards

VITAMINS B9, B1, B2, B3, and PYRIDOXINE Flashcards

1
Q

● Important in synthesis of DNA and RNA, new cell formation, protein metabolism, and for normal growth
● Important in tissues that have rapid cell production and turnover.
● Required for the synthesis and breakdown of the amino acids.

A

vitamin B9

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2
Q

vitamin b9 RENI:

for older children (10-12 years) adolescents (13-18 years) and adults (19 years and
above

A

400 mcg/day

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3
Q

vitamin b9 RENI:

children 1-3 years

A

160-300 mcg/day

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4
Q

vitamin b9 RENI:

pregnant

A

600 mcg/day

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5
Q

vitamin b9 RENI:

lactation

A

500 mcg/day

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6
Q
  • excessive intake may obscure and delay the diagnosis of Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • May result in risk of progressive unrecognized neurologic damage, in addition to pernicious anemia.
A

vitamin b9 deficiency

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7
Q

Higher levels of folate have historically been seen to worsen ___ and ___ while masking low levels of vitamin B.

A

anemia and cognition

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8
Q

Excess folate intake is also known to have a controversial and complex dual role in ___

A

colorectal cancer

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9
Q

○ Helping cells convert carbohydrate into usable form of energy (glucose)
○ Providing fuel to the brain, heart, nerves, and other body cells

A

vitamin b1

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10
Q

○ Playing an important, but less understood role in regulating nerve transmissions.
○ Maintaining food appetite and good muscle tone especially for the GI tract.

A

vitamin b1

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11
Q

other name for vitamin b1

A

thiamin

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12
Q
  • It is famously associated with improved memory and brain function
  • morale vitamin
  • antineuritic vitamin
  • anti-beriberi factor
A

thiamin

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13
Q

vitamin b1 RENI:

men > 19

A

1.2 mg/day

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14
Q

vitamin b1 RENI:

women > 19

A

1.1 mg/day

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15
Q

vitamin b1 RENI:

pregnant

A

1.4 mg/day

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16
Q

vitamin b1 RENI:

lactation

A

1.5 mg/day

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17
Q

○ Inability to concentrate
○ Poor coordination
○ Irritability
○ Depression
○ Muscle weakness

A

mild vitamin b1 deficiency

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18
Q

○ Edema
○ Atrophy of leg muscles
○ Motor weakness
○ Peripheral nerve changes
○ Paralysis
○ Heart failure

A

major vitamin b1 deficiency

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19
Q

A disease caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, also known as thiamine deficiency

A

beriberi

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20
Q

● a water-soluble, yellow fluorescent compound
● It is essential to many steps in the metabolism of CHO, fats, and protein.
● Helps convert CHO into energy and is essential for cell growth, production of RBCs, and healthy skin and normal vision.

A

vitamin b2

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21
Q

other name for vitamin b2

A

riboflavin

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22
Q

It is necessary for:
○ building and maintaining body tissues
○ making red blood cells
○ helping the body protect itself from common skin and eye disorders
○ synthesizing corticosteroids

A

vitamin b2

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23
Q

___ is needed to release the body’s stored energy for use.

A

riboflavin

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24
Q

___ works with the other B vitamins and is essential for the activation and functioning of vitamins B6, folate, niacin, and vitamin K.

A

riboflavin

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25
Q

vitamin b2 RENI:

men > 19

A

1.3 mg/day

26
Q

vitamin b2 RENI:

women > 19

A

1.1 mg/day

27
Q

vitamin b2 RENI:

pregnant and breastfeeding

A

1.7 mg/day

28
Q

○ an inflamed mouth with cracks in the corners (cheilosis)
○ scaly, dry facial skin
○ confusion
○ poor wound healing

A

vitamin b2 deficiency and toxicity

29
Q

___ and ___ will inactivate riboflavin in foods, but acids, air, and heat do not affect it.

A

light and alkalis

30
Q

● Plays a key role in converting carbohydrates into glucose, metabolizing fats and proteins, and
maintaining proper nervous system function.
● Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation
● Controls the release of insulin from pancreatic cells

A

vitamin b3

31
Q

● Improves brain cognitive function by aiding in the repair of brain cells
● Treats free radical damage in the body
● Reduces pain, inflammation and provides relief in arthritic conditions

A

vitamin b3

32
Q

● Improves digestion, proper absorption of food juices into the body, and waste product excretion
from the intestines
● Helps with constipation and flatulence

A

vitamin b3

33
Q

other name for vitamin b3

A

niacin

34
Q

___ is the generic name for nicotinic acid

A

niacin

35
Q

Within niacin, there are two chemical formations:

A

nicotinic acid and niacinamide.

36
Q

All tissues in the body convert absorbed niacin into its main metabolically active form

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

37
Q

NAD is also converted into another active form

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

38
Q

is primarily involved in catabolic reactions that transfer the potential energy in carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the
cell’s primary energy currency

A

NAD

39
Q

enables anabolic reactions, such
as the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and plays a critical role in maintaining cellular antioxidant Function

A

NADP

40
Q

The body also converts some ___, an amino acid in protein, to NAD

A

tryptophan

41
Q

Unmetabolized nicotinic acid and nicotinamide might be present in the ___

A

urine

42
Q

○ Is a condition caused by lack of Niacin.
○ A fatal disease that causes dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea.
○ Niacin deficiency can occur as a result of genetic disorders, malabsorptive conditions, or medication interactions.

A

pellagra

43
Q

Caused by an extremely low intake of both niacin and tryptophan, which is common in areas where maize (Indian corn) is a major
component of the diet.

A

primary niacin deficiency

44
Q

Could be caused by diarrhea, cirrhosis, or alcoholism. Pellagra can also occur in carcinoid syndrome and Hartnup disease.

A

secondary niacin deficiency

45
Q

niacin RDA:

birth-6 mos

A

male - 2 mg
female 3 mg

46
Q

niacin RDA:

7-12 mos

A

4 mg

47
Q

niacin RDA:

1-3 years

A

6 mg

48
Q

niacin RDA:

4-8 years

A

8 mg

49
Q

niacin RDA:

9-13 years

A

12 mg

50
Q

niacin RDA:

14 yrs above

A

male - 16 mg
female - 14 mg

51
Q

niacin RDA:

pregnant

A

18 mg

52
Q

niacin RDA:

lactation

A

17 mg

53
Q

It is the generic name for six compounds (vitamers) with vitamin B6 activity: pyridoxine,
an alcohol; pyridoxal, an aldehyde; and pyridoxamine, which contains an amino group; and their respective 5’-phosphate esters.

A

pyrodoxine

54
Q

active coenzyme forms of vitamin B6.

A

Pyridoxal 5’ phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5’ phosphate (PMP)

55
Q

involved in amino acid metabolism, and is also involved in the metabolism of one-carbon units, carbohydrates, and lipids

A

PLP and PMP

56
Q

plays a role in cognitive development through the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and in maintaining normal levels of homocysteine, an amino acid in the
blood.

A

vitamin b6

57
Q

involved in gluconeogenesis and
glycogenolysis, immune function (for example, it promotes lymphocyte and interleukin-2
production), and hemoglobin formation

A

vitamin b6

58
Q

The human body absorbs vitamin B6 in the ___

A

jejunum

59
Q

It causes Neurological disorders, such as peripheral neuropathy, sensory neuronopathy characterized by poor coordination, numbness, and decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration

A

vitamin b6 / pyridoxine toxicity

60
Q

End-stage renal diseases, chronic renal insufficiency, and other kidney diseases

A

vitamin b6 / pyridoxine deficiency

61
Q

can result from malabsorption syndromes, such as celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis.

A

vitamin b6 / pyridoxine deficiency

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (10 decks)

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