VITAMINS B9, B1, B2, B3, and PYRIDOXINE Flashcards by michaela gail

● Important in synthesis of DNA and RNA, new cell formation, protein metabolism, and for normal growth
● Important in tissues that have rapid cell production and turnover.
● Required for the synthesis and breakdown of the amino acids.

vitamin B9

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vitamin b9 RENI:

for older children (10-12 years) adolescents (13-18 years) and adults (19 years and
above

400 mcg/day

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vitamin b9 RENI:

children 1-3 years

160-300 mcg/day

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vitamin b9 RENI:

pregnant

600 mcg/day

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vitamin b9 RENI:

lactation

500 mcg/day

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excessive intake may obscure and delay the diagnosis of Vitamin B12 deficiency
May result in risk of progressive unrecognized neurologic damage, in addition to pernicious anemia.

vitamin b9 deficiency

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Higher levels of folate have historically been seen to worsen ___ and ___ while masking low levels of vitamin B.

anemia and cognition

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Excess folate intake is also known to have a controversial and complex dual role in ___

colorectal cancer

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○ Helping cells convert carbohydrate into usable form of energy (glucose)
○ Providing fuel to the brain, heart, nerves, and other body cells

vitamin b1

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○ Playing an important, but less understood role in regulating nerve transmissions.
○ Maintaining food appetite and good muscle tone especially for the GI tract.

vitamin b1

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other name for vitamin b1

thiamin

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It is famously associated with improved memory and brain function
morale vitamin
antineuritic vitamin
anti-beriberi factor

thiamin

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vitamin b1 RENI:

men > 19

1.2 mg/day

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vitamin b1 RENI:

women > 19

1.1 mg/day

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vitamin b1 RENI:

pregnant

1.4 mg/day

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vitamin b1 RENI:

lactation

1.5 mg/day

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○ Inability to concentrate
○ Poor coordination
○ Irritability
○ Depression
○ Muscle weakness

mild vitamin b1 deficiency

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○ Edema
○ Atrophy of leg muscles
○ Motor weakness
○ Peripheral nerve changes
○ Paralysis
○ Heart failure

major vitamin b1 deficiency

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A disease caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, also known as thiamine deficiency

beriberi

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● a water-soluble, yellow fluorescent compound
● It is essential to many steps in the metabolism of CHO, fats, and protein.
● Helps convert CHO into energy and is essential for cell growth, production of RBCs, and healthy skin and normal vision.

vitamin b2

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other name for vitamin b2

riboflavin

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It is necessary for:
○ building and maintaining body tissues
○ making red blood cells
○ helping the body protect itself from common skin and eye disorders
○ synthesizing corticosteroids

vitamin b2

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___ is needed to release the body’s stored energy for use.

riboflavin

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___ works with the other B vitamins and is essential for the activation and functioning of vitamins B6, folate, niacin, and vitamin K.

riboflavin

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vitamin b2 RENI: men > 19

1.3 mg/day

vitamin b2 RENI: women > 19

1.1 mg/day

vitamin b2 RENI: pregnant and breastfeeding

1.7 mg/day

○ an inflamed mouth with cracks in the corners (cheilosis) ○ scaly, dry facial skin ○ confusion ○ poor wound healing

vitamin b2 deficiency and toxicity

___ and ___ will inactivate riboflavin in foods, but acids, air, and heat do not affect it.

light and alkalis

● Plays a key role in converting carbohydrates into glucose, metabolizing fats and proteins, and maintaining proper nervous system function. ● Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation ● Controls the release of insulin from pancreatic cells

vitamin b3

● Improves brain cognitive function by aiding in the repair of brain cells ● Treats free radical damage in the body ● Reduces pain, inflammation and provides relief in arthritic conditions

vitamin b3

● Improves digestion, proper absorption of food juices into the body, and waste product excretion from the intestines ● Helps with constipation and flatulence

vitamin b3

other name for vitamin b3

niacin

___ is the generic name for nicotinic acid

niacin

Within niacin, there are two chemical formations:

nicotinic acid and niacinamide.

All tissues in the body convert absorbed niacin into its main metabolically active form

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

NAD is also converted into another active form

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

is primarily involved in catabolic reactions that transfer the potential energy in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s primary energy currency

NAD

enables anabolic reactions, such as the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and plays a critical role in maintaining cellular antioxidant Function

NADP

The body also converts some ___, an amino acid in protein, to NAD

tryptophan

Unmetabolized nicotinic acid and nicotinamide might be present in the ___

urine

○ Is a condition caused by lack of Niacin. ○ A fatal disease that causes dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. ○ Niacin deficiency can occur as a result of genetic disorders, malabsorptive conditions, or medication interactions.

pellagra

Caused by an extremely low intake of both niacin and tryptophan, which is common in areas where maize (Indian corn) is a major component of the diet.

primary niacin deficiency

Could be caused by diarrhea, cirrhosis, or alcoholism. Pellagra can also occur in carcinoid syndrome and Hartnup disease.

secondary niacin deficiency

niacin RDA: birth-6 mos

male - 2 mg female 3 mg

niacin RDA: 7-12 mos

4 mg

niacin RDA: 1-3 years

6 mg

niacin RDA: 4-8 years

8 mg

niacin RDA: 9-13 years

12 mg

niacin RDA: 14 yrs above

male - 16 mg female - 14 mg

niacin RDA: pregnant

18 mg

niacin RDA: lactation

17 mg

It is the generic name for six compounds (vitamers) with vitamin B6 activity: pyridoxine, an alcohol; pyridoxal, an aldehyde; and pyridoxamine, which contains an amino group; and their respective 5’-phosphate esters.

pyrodoxine

active coenzyme forms of vitamin B6.

Pyridoxal 5’ phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5’ phosphate (PMP)

involved in amino acid metabolism, and is also involved in the metabolism of one-carbon units, carbohydrates, and lipids

PLP and PMP

plays a role in cognitive development through the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and in maintaining normal levels of homocysteine, an amino acid in the blood.

vitamin b6

involved in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, immune function (for example, it promotes lymphocyte and interleukin-2 production), and hemoglobin formation

vitamin b6

The human body absorbs vitamin B6 in the ___

jejunum

It causes Neurological disorders, such as peripheral neuropathy, sensory neuronopathy characterized by poor coordination, numbness, and decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration

vitamin b6 / pyridoxine toxicity

End-stage renal diseases, chronic renal insufficiency, and other kidney diseases

vitamin b6 / pyridoxine deficiency

can result from malabsorption syndromes, such as celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis.

vitamin b6 / pyridoxine deficiency