VITAMINS B9, B1, B2, B3, and PYRIDOXINE Flashcards
● Important in synthesis of DNA and RNA, new cell formation, protein metabolism, and for normal growth
● Important in tissues that have rapid cell production and turnover.
● Required for the synthesis and breakdown of the amino acids.
vitamin B9
vitamin b9 RENI:
for older children (10-12 years) adolescents (13-18 years) and adults (19 years and
above
400 mcg/day
vitamin b9 RENI:
children 1-3 years
160-300 mcg/day
vitamin b9 RENI:
pregnant
600 mcg/day
vitamin b9 RENI:
lactation
500 mcg/day
- excessive intake may obscure and delay the diagnosis of Vitamin B12 deficiency
- May result in risk of progressive unrecognized neurologic damage, in addition to pernicious anemia.
vitamin b9 deficiency
Higher levels of folate have historically been seen to worsen ___ and ___ while masking low levels of vitamin B.
anemia and cognition
Excess folate intake is also known to have a controversial and complex dual role in ___
colorectal cancer
○ Helping cells convert carbohydrate into usable form of energy (glucose)
○ Providing fuel to the brain, heart, nerves, and other body cells
vitamin b1
○ Playing an important, but less understood role in regulating nerve transmissions.
○ Maintaining food appetite and good muscle tone especially for the GI tract.
vitamin b1
other name for vitamin b1
thiamin
- It is famously associated with improved memory and brain function
- morale vitamin
- antineuritic vitamin
- anti-beriberi factor
thiamin
vitamin b1 RENI:
men > 19
1.2 mg/day
vitamin b1 RENI:
women > 19
1.1 mg/day
vitamin b1 RENI:
pregnant
1.4 mg/day
vitamin b1 RENI:
lactation
1.5 mg/day
○ Inability to concentrate
○ Poor coordination
○ Irritability
○ Depression
○ Muscle weakness
mild vitamin b1 deficiency
○ Edema
○ Atrophy of leg muscles
○ Motor weakness
○ Peripheral nerve changes
○ Paralysis
○ Heart failure
major vitamin b1 deficiency
A disease caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, also known as thiamine deficiency
beriberi
● a water-soluble, yellow fluorescent compound
● It is essential to many steps in the metabolism of CHO, fats, and protein.
● Helps convert CHO into energy and is essential for cell growth, production of RBCs, and healthy skin and normal vision.
vitamin b2
other name for vitamin b2
riboflavin
It is necessary for:
○ building and maintaining body tissues
○ making red blood cells
○ helping the body protect itself from common skin and eye disorders
○ synthesizing corticosteroids
vitamin b2
___ is needed to release the body’s stored energy for use.
riboflavin
___ works with the other B vitamins and is essential for the activation and functioning of vitamins B6, folate, niacin, and vitamin K.
riboflavin
vitamin b2 RENI:
men > 19
1.3 mg/day
vitamin b2 RENI:
women > 19
1.1 mg/day
vitamin b2 RENI:
pregnant and breastfeeding
1.7 mg/day
○ an inflamed mouth with cracks in the corners (cheilosis)
○ scaly, dry facial skin
○ confusion
○ poor wound healing
vitamin b2 deficiency and toxicity
___ and ___ will inactivate riboflavin in foods, but acids, air, and heat do not affect it.
light and alkalis
● Plays a key role in converting carbohydrates into glucose, metabolizing fats and proteins, and
maintaining proper nervous system function.
● Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation
● Controls the release of insulin from pancreatic cells
vitamin b3
● Improves brain cognitive function by aiding in the repair of brain cells
● Treats free radical damage in the body
● Reduces pain, inflammation and provides relief in arthritic conditions
vitamin b3
● Improves digestion, proper absorption of food juices into the body, and waste product excretion
from the intestines
● Helps with constipation and flatulence
vitamin b3
other name for vitamin b3
niacin
___ is the generic name for nicotinic acid
niacin
Within niacin, there are two chemical formations:
nicotinic acid and niacinamide.
All tissues in the body convert absorbed niacin into its main metabolically active form
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
NAD is also converted into another active form
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)
is primarily involved in catabolic reactions that transfer the potential energy in carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the
cell’s primary energy currency
NAD
enables anabolic reactions, such
as the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and plays a critical role in maintaining cellular antioxidant Function
NADP
The body also converts some ___, an amino acid in protein, to NAD
tryptophan
Unmetabolized nicotinic acid and nicotinamide might be present in the ___
urine
○ Is a condition caused by lack of Niacin.
○ A fatal disease that causes dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea.
○ Niacin deficiency can occur as a result of genetic disorders, malabsorptive conditions, or medication interactions.
pellagra
Caused by an extremely low intake of both niacin and tryptophan, which is common in areas where maize (Indian corn) is a major
component of the diet.
primary niacin deficiency
Could be caused by diarrhea, cirrhosis, or alcoholism. Pellagra can also occur in carcinoid syndrome and Hartnup disease.
secondary niacin deficiency
niacin RDA:
birth-6 mos
male - 2 mg
female 3 mg
niacin RDA:
7-12 mos
4 mg
niacin RDA:
1-3 years
6 mg
niacin RDA:
4-8 years
8 mg
niacin RDA:
9-13 years
12 mg
niacin RDA:
14 yrs above
male - 16 mg
female - 14 mg
niacin RDA:
pregnant
18 mg
niacin RDA:
lactation
17 mg
It is the generic name for six compounds (vitamers) with vitamin B6 activity: pyridoxine,
an alcohol; pyridoxal, an aldehyde; and pyridoxamine, which contains an amino group; and their respective 5’-phosphate esters.
pyrodoxine
active coenzyme forms of vitamin B6.
Pyridoxal 5’ phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5’ phosphate (PMP)
involved in amino acid metabolism, and is also involved in the metabolism of one-carbon units, carbohydrates, and lipids
PLP and PMP
plays a role in cognitive development through the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and in maintaining normal levels of homocysteine, an amino acid in the
blood.
vitamin b6
involved in gluconeogenesis and
glycogenolysis, immune function (for example, it promotes lymphocyte and interleukin-2
production), and hemoglobin formation
vitamin b6
The human body absorbs vitamin B6 in the ___
jejunum
It causes Neurological disorders, such as peripheral neuropathy, sensory neuronopathy characterized by poor coordination, numbness, and decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration
vitamin b6 / pyridoxine toxicity
End-stage renal diseases, chronic renal insufficiency, and other kidney diseases
vitamin b6 / pyridoxine deficiency
can result from malabsorption syndromes, such as celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis.
vitamin b6 / pyridoxine deficiency
