PROTEINS

Question 1

greek word meaning “of first” or “primary”

Answer 1

proteios

Question 2

● Fundamental structural unit/elements of every cell of the body.
● Only nutrient group that contains nitrogen (16%)
● Essential for normal growth and development and maintenance of health.

Answer 2

protein

Question 3

● Has extremely complex molecules containing:
C, H, O, N S, Fe, P, I, Cu
● Composed of chemical compounds called amino acids.

Answer 3

protein

Question 4

● Building blocks of all proteins.
● Chemical compounds which make up proteins.
● Assembled in the body to form specific tissue protein.

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

Amino acids that are not manufactured by the body and are obtained only from the food we eat.

Answer 5

essential amino acids

Question 6

Histidine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine

Answer 6

essential

Question 7

Can maintain life processes for adults but not enough for normal growth in children.

Answer 7

semi-essential amino acids

Question 8

arginin

Answer 8

semi-essential amino acids

Question 9

Amino acids which are synthesized/manufactured by the body so they are not essential in the diet

Answer 9

non-essential amino acids

Question 10

Alanine, Glycine, Asparagine, Hydroxylysine, Aspartic Acid, Hydroxyproline, Cystine (Cysteine), Proline, Glutamic Acid, Serine, Glutamine, Tyrosine

Answer 10

non-essential amino acids

Question 11

RENI means

Answer 11

Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intake

Question 12

standard RENI

Answer 12

1 gm/kg desirable body weight for a normal adult.

Question 13

RENI Based on caloric requirement

Answer 13

10-15%of total calories consumed in a day

Question 14

Adding micronutrients to foods to ensure that minimum dietary requirements are met

Answer 14

fortification

Question 15

Vitamins or minerals have been added to the food

Answer 15

enrichment

Question 16

A preparation intended to provide nutrients that may be missing or may not be consumed in sufficient quantities in a person’s diet

Answer 16

supplementation

Question 17

Any protein that is incomplete on its own but may become complete when combined with other proteins to provide all of the amino acids necessary for normal metabolism.

Answer 17

complementation

Question 18

___ (trypsin, chymotrypsin, & carboxypeptidase) are responsible for breaking down proteins into simpler substances (tripeptide, dipeptides, & amino acids)

Answer 18

pancreatic enzymes

Question 19

Enzymes located on the surface of the intestinal wall complete the
digestive process.

Answer 19

aminopeptidase and dipeptidase

Question 20

Takes place in the mucosa of the small intestine through active transport

Answer 20

absorption

Question 21

proteins are broken down by the body into amino acids

Answer 21

catabolism

Question 22

amino acids are resynthesized into tissues as needed

Answer 22

anabolism

Question 23

This is a continuous conversion needed to maintain overall protein balance within the body

Answer 23

metabolism

Question 24

Index of the amount of CHON utilized by the body & how well body tissues are being maintained

Answer 24

nitrogen balance

Question 25

Occurs when the body takes in more nitrogen than it excretes = tissue building.

Answer 25

positive nitrogen balance

Question 26

Occurs when the body takes in less nitrogen than it excretes = more tissues are broken down than built

Answer 26

negative nitrogen balance

Question 27

Develops when there is an inadequate supply or intake of protein e.g. in case of famine, poverty and inadequate food supply

Answer 27

protein deficiency / kwashiorkor

Question 28

accumulation of fat in the liver, edema, painful skin lesions, changes in the pigmentation of skin and hair and muscle wasting

Answer 28

protein deficiency / kwashiorkor

Question 29

● Resulting from severe malnutrition. ● Afflicts young children and adults who lack both energy and protein foods as well as vitamins and minerals.

Answer 29

protein energy malnutrition / marasmus

Question 30

Appears emaciated but does not have edema, hair is dull and dry, and the skin is thin and wrinkled.

Answer 30

protein energy malnutrition / marasmus

Question 31

Put more demands on the liver (which converts nitrogen to urea) and the kidneys to excrete excess urea as in the case of ketosis

Answer 31

protein excess

Question 32

May contribute to: - heart disease - colon cancer - osteoporosis due to Ca depletion

Answer 32

protein excess