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NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY > ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL NUTRITION > Flashcards

ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL NUTRITION Flashcards

1
Q

through the gastrointestinal system

A

enteral

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2
Q

through intravenous methods

A

parenteral

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3
Q

also known as tube feeding, is a
way of delivering nutrition
directly to your gastrointestinal
(GI) tract or small intestine
usually from a tube, catheter,
or stoma

A

enteral nutrition (EN)

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4
Q

uses of a feeding tube

A
  • provide nutrition
  • provide fluids
  • provide medication
  • decompressing the stomach
  • removing stomach contents
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5
Q

types of tubes for enteral feeding

A
  • nasogastric tube
  • nasoenteric tube
  • gastrostomy tube
  • jejunostomy tube
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6
Q
  • starts in the nose and ends in the stomach
  • used for feeding clients who have adequate gastric emptying, and who require shorter-term feedings
A

nasogastric

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7
Q
  • starts in the nose and ends in the intestines
  • indicated for use in enteral nutrition in both gastric and small
    intestine regions, such as the duodenum and jejunum. They
    are ideal for short‐term feeding, especially patients at risk for
    aspiration, reflux, and gastric emptying delay
A

nasoenteric

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8
Q

2 sub types of nasoenteric

A

nasoduodenal
nasojejunal

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9
Q

starts in the mouth and ends in the stomach

A

orogastric

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10
Q

starts in the mouth and ends in the intestines

A

oroenteric

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11
Q
  • feeding tube inserted through a surgical opening in the neck and passed through the esophagus, with the tip resting in the stomach
  • used for patients with head and neck cancer
A

esophagostomy

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12
Q
  • placed through the skin of the abdomen straight to the stomach
  • used when a patient cannot
    or will not eat for longer than
    four weeks and has a
    functional gut
A

gastrostomy tube

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13
Q

subtypes of gastrostomy tube

A

PEG, button tubes

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14
Q
  • placed through the skin of the abdomen straight into the jejunum intestines
  • are useful for patients with contraindications to gastrostomy
A

jejunostomy tube

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15
Q

subtypes of jejunostomy tube

A

PEJ, PRJ tubes

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16
Q

is the most common complication of tube feeding usually caused by protein-energy malnutrition, medications, motility, infection, impaction, infusion rate, osmolality and bacterial contamination of formula

A

diarrhea

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17
Q

the most dangerous complication of enteral feeding and is among the leading causes of death in tube-fed patients

A

aspiration of formula

18
Q

common metabolic complications

A

electrolyte imbalance, hyperglycemia, refeeding syndrome

19
Q

also called “standard” or “polymeric” formulas and contains
unaltered molecules of protein, carbohydrates and fat.

A

intact formulas

20
Q

are predigested micronutrients. They are either elemental
or semi-elemental formulas

A

hydrolyzed formulas

21
Q

are individually packaged components that may be
combined to meet the nutritional
requirement of the patients

A

modular formulas

22
Q

are formulas that have been
altered in one or more nutrients in order to optimize nutrition support without exacerbating the metabolic disturbances associated with various diseases

A

nutrient modified and disease specific formulas

23
Q
  • the most commonly used method of enteral feeding; often referred to
    as a “kangaroo pump”
  • indicated for patients who
    are unable to tolerate high volume feedings
A

continuous method

24
Q
  • solution is infused at a constant
    rate controlled by a pump
  • administered over at least 30 min.;
    continuous rate over a 16 to 24-
    hour pd
A

continuous method

25
Q
  • continuous drip method over a period of 8-20 hours per day using a pump to control delivery
  • usually given at night; allowing
    independence from feeding equipment during the day
  • may be used when feeding into the stomach or small intestine
A

cyclic feeding

26
Q
  • usually requires a higher
    infusion rate which requires closer monitoring for formula and delivery tolerance
  • usually well-tolerated and effective for malnourished patients especially for the ambulatory elderly population
A

cyclic feeding

27
Q

allow for more mobility
than continuous drip feedings because there are breaks in the feedings, allowing the patient to be free from the tube feeding apparatus or activities such as physical therapy

A

bolus feeding

28
Q

closely mimics usual eating pattern and involves shorter period of infusion at specified intervals – usually four to six times a day.

A

bolus feeding

29
Q

characterized by rapid administration of the formula
usually less than 15 minutes into the GI tract by syringe or feeding bag

A

bolus feeding

30
Q

uses a similar technique to that of bolus feeding, but it is used over a
longer duration, which may help
improve tolerance

A

intermittent delivery

31
Q
  • use an open-top container or syringe
  • provided in flip-top cans powdered formula or blenderized formula
A

open system

32
Q

formula left over from open system delivery should be discarded after?

A

8-12 hours OR 24 hours

33
Q

consists of pre-filled container
that is spiked with enteral
tubing & attached to enteral
access device

A

closed system

34
Q

viability of closed system feeding formulas

A

48 hours

35
Q

what do you do to prevent clogging of tube?

A

flush tube with 5-10 cc of water before and after administration

36
Q

provided when the
gastrointestinal tract is
nonfunctional because of
an interruption in its
continuity or because its
absorptive capacities is
impaired

A

parenteral nutrition

37
Q

TPN
CVN
IVH

A

total parenteral nutrition
central venous nutrition
intravenous hyperalimentation

38
Q

TPN solutions are ___,
they are injected only into
high-flow central veins, where
they are diluted by the client’s
blood

A

hypertonic

39
Q

When TPN therapy is to be
discontinued, the TPN infusion rates are decreased slowly to prevent ___

A

hyperinsulinemia
hypoglycemia

40
Q

weaning of TPN may take up to ___ hours

A

48

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (17 decks)

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