Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Introduction to the science of sport, exercise and health > Vitamins and minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins and minerals Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sports Trivia flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are micronutrients

A

Essential vitamins, minerals and trace elements that are needed in tiny amounts to maintain normal health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are micronutrients required for

A

health, growth and reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What may happen if we get the wrong balance of micronutrients

A

Can cause severe health problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can cause deficiency or excess of micronutrients

A

Dietary intake or genetic diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do we get nutrients

A

Body generally doesn’t make them, so they have to be consumed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Classification of vitamins

A
  • Fat-soluble vitamins

- Water-soluble vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A
  • 4 vitamins
  • A, D, E & K transported by lipoproteins
  • Should not be consumed in excess - can be toxic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

- where stored

A

Fatty tissues and the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Water-soluble vitamins

A
  • 9 vitamins

- B complex and C are not stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Water-soluble vitamins

- What happens to excess

A

Excreted in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dietary sources

- Vitamin A

A

Eggs, milk and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dietary sources

- Vitamin D

A

Sun, oily fish, egg yolks, fortified margarines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dietary sources

- Vitamin E

A

Veg oils, nuts, green leafy veg, fortified cereals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dietary sources

- Vitamin K

A

Green leafy veg, some veg oils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dietary sources

- Vitamin B

A

B6: Fortified cereals, beans, meat, poultry and fish
B12: Food that comes from animals fish, meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dietary sources

- Vitamin C

A

Fruit and veg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Role of vitamins

- Biochemical functions

A
  • Hormones (vitamin d)
  • Antioxidants (vitamin e)
  • Mediate cell signalling
  • regulate cell and tissue growth and differentiation
  • Precursors for enzyme co-factors that help act as catalysts and substrates in metabolism
18
Q

Antioxidant

A

Molecule capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules

19
Q

Oxidation

A

Chemical reaction which transfers electrons from substance to oxidising agent

20
Q

Free radicals

A

unstable, chemically reactive molecule of fragment

21
Q

antioxidants and free radicals

A

Antioxidants chemically eradicate free radicals

22
Q

What does accumulation of free radicals cause

A

Increases potential of cellular damage

23
Q

How is the plasma membrane protected by antioxidant vitamins

A

Reacting with and removing free radicals

24
Q

What happens once enzyme systems become saturated

A

excess vitamins function as chemicals (drugs)

- causes various ilnesses and diseases

25
Q

What are minerals

A

Inorganic compounds required in the body for a variety of functions

26
Q

Functions which require minerals

A
  • normal function of the nervous system

- formation of bones, teeth, body fluids and tissues

27
Q

What are trace elements required for

A

metabolism

28
Q

How does the body get inorganic elements

A

through diet and drinking water

29
Q

What do we use inorganic elements for

A

optimum growth and health

30
Q

Role of minerals

A
  • provides structure in forming bones and teeth
  • Help maintain normal heart rhythm, muscle contraction, neural conductivity, and acid-base balance
  • Regulate cellular metabolism
31
Q

Calcium

A
  • Binds with phosphorus to form bones and teeth
32
Q

Calcium

- What is it needed for

A

muscle, heart and digestive system health

33
Q

What does calcium support

A

Synthesis and function of blood cells

34
Q

Inadequate calcium consumption consequences

A
  • Osteopenia

- Osteoporosis

35
Q

Iron

- What is it an important part of

A
  • Haemoglobin
  • Myoglobin
  • Cytochromes
36
Q

What does iron aid

A

Transport diffusion of oxygen

37
Q

iron source absorption

A
  • Non-heme iron from plants (2-5% absorbed)

- Heme iron from animals (10-35% absorbed)

38
Q

What are electrolytes

A

Sodium, potassium and chlorine

39
Q

Mineral loss in sweat

A

Impairs heat tolerance and exercise performance

40
Q

Defence against mineral loss

A

Drink 0.1-0.2% salt solution

Introduction to the science of sport, exercise and health (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions