Imaging and investigating anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Types of imaging in anatomy
A
- Cadavers
- Histology & microscopy
- Biopsy
- Scanning techniques
- x-rays
- Anthropometry
- Endoscopy
- Ultrasound
2
Q
Dissection & cadavers
A
- body embalmed so structures are preserved
- Allows 3D visualization of structures in place
- Requires little technology
- Disapproved of in some cultures
3
Q
Anthropometry
A
- Involves measuring distances/lengths/diameters of body parts
- Measure skin folds
- Can work out body fat content
- used in sports science
4
Q
Endoscopy
A
- Flexible camera
- Usually needs sedation/anaesthesia
- Deep look inside
5
Q
Histology: Tissue preparation and & viewing
A
- Fresh tissue - colourless and squishy
- Needs to be altered before being looked at under a microscope
- Can produce false results if not prepped correctly
- Artifacts can be produced at each stage of the process by altering or distorting the natural appearance of the cells
6
Q
Histology
- steps in tissue prep
A
- Fixation - Stabilizes and preserves tissue
- Embedding - Converts tissue to solid form, so can be sliced
- Sectioning - (Slicing) provides very thin specimens required for microscopy
- Staining - provides visual contrast and may help identify specific tissue components (often old fashioned chemicals)
7
Q
Microscopy
A
- Cheap & easy
- Can use:
- Light microscope
- Transmission electron microscope
- Scanning electron microscope
8
Q
Microscopy
- How to read a slide
A
- Identify stain used
- Identify cells, nuclei, extracellular space
- Identify tissue type and cell type
- For each cell type - determine size and shape
- Identify extracellular material
9
Q
X-rays
A
- Easy to use, images can be quite clear, used routinely
- An x-ray is a photo taken with a machine which passes electromagnetic radiation through the body, capturing an image of internal structure
10
Q
X-rays
- Problems
A
- Not good for imaging soft tissue
- Dangerous during pregnancy
- Low contrast
- Hidden objects
11
Q
MRI v CT scan
A
- MRI - best as give most detail
- CT scan - Gives less radiation than MRI
12
Q
Ultrasound
A
- Uses high frequency soundwaves which reflect off body structures to produce an image
- Doesn’t expose individual to radiation
- Painless & safe and cheap & easy
- Sometimes images are difficult to interpret for beginner
13
Q
Ultrasound
- Process
A
- Gel applied to area being examined to help transmit the sound waves
- Handheld probe called transducer is then moved over area being examined
14
Q
CT Scan
- Definition
A
Computed tomography
15
Q
CT scan
A
- Much more sensitive technique than x-ray
- Allows high definition of both bone and soft tissue
- Clear images of the brain, muscle, joint structures, veins and arteries as well as abnormalities like tumours obtained without the injections of contrasting dye
- Can generate a 3D model
