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Introduction to the science of sport, exercise and health > Energy conversion in the body > Flashcards

Energy conversion in the body Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy

A

Capacity for work (W)

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2
Q

Energy

-unit

A

Joules (J)

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3
Q

Old unit:(cal)

A

Energy required to heat 1g of water by 1 degree C

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4
Q

What is power

A

Rate which work is performed or energy is transmitted

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5
Q

power

- unit

A

Watt (W)

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6
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A
  • Energy cannot be created nor can it be destroyed - transferred from one form to another
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7
Q

Conservation of energy

A
  • Ex. body transforms energy in food into heat
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8
Q

What happens to energy when it has appeared to be destroyed

A
  • ‘quality’ changes
  • energy diluted
  • Energy can lose its abilities
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9
Q

Potential energy

A

Bound in a specific form

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10
Q

Kinetic energy

A
  • Harnessing of potential energy

- Biosynthesis results from harnessing of potential energy

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11
Q

Exergonic

A

energy releasing process

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12
Q

Endergonic

A

Energy conserving process (absorbs energy)

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13
Q

Mechanical work

A
  • Muscle contraction

- Cell division

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14
Q

Chemical work

A

Synthesis of molecules - i.e. fat

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15
Q

Transport work

A
  • Diffusion

- Active transport (sodium/potassium pump)

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16
Q

Electrical work

A
  • Transport of charged particles

- Action potentials in nerves and muscles

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17
Q

What does reaction rate depend on

A
  • PH
  • Temperature
  • Availability of substrates
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18
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A
  • Catabolize complex organic molecules
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19
Q

How are chemical bonds split during hydrolysis

A

Adding H+ and OH

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20
Q

Biological example of hydrolysis

A

Digestion

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21
Q

Condensation reaction

A

reverse of hydrolysis

- peptide bonds

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22
Q

Oxydation

A

Loss of electrons

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23
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons

24
Q

Nutrients

A

Fuels for the body

25
Carb metabolism
Can happen under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
26
Protein and fat metabolism
require oxygen to be metabolised | - Need good oxygen supply to be effective
27
Biggest energy store
Fat - 79%, even more if person unhealthy
28
2nd largest energy store
Protein - 20%
29
3rd largest energy store
Carbs - 1%
30
most energy used comes from..
Carbs
31
Metabolic energy
Generated by oxidising different nutrient
32
Oxidation reaction
Combutions
33
aerobic glycolysis
body 'burns' glucose
34
Metabolic energy currencies
- NADH | - ATP
35
how is energy released in the cell
many single portions
36
Electron transport chain
- Transports electrons from high energy content (NADH) to low energy content - Allows us to harvest enzyme into something we can use in the body
37
Controlled enzymatic reactions
Used to convert and transfer chemical energy of oxidation and make it utilizable for metabolism
38
Cellular redox reactions
underlie energy metabolism
39
NAD and FAD
oxidise food
40
What transports electrons
Carrier molecules
41
What are electrons passed to
Redox complexes
42
In electron transport what acts as the final electron acceptor
Oxygen
43
Reduction equivalents
- secondary energy currancy of the cell | - transport electrons
44
Where do reduction equivalents transport electrons
From the the nutrient to the final oxidising agents
45
Most important reduction equivalents
NAD+ (+2e) -> NADH + H+ | FAD (+2e) -> FADH2
46
Oxidative phosphorylation
synthesises ATP
47
How does oxidative phosphorylation synthesise ATP
Transferring electrons from NADH & FADH2 to oxygen
48
How many ATP molecules can you get from 1 NADH molecule
3
49
Catabolic metabolism
Break down or oxidation of nutrients - Releases energy - Produces intermediates that are useful for metabolism
50
Anabolic metabolism
Produces new components i.e. fat, enzymes, hormones - Consumes energy - Requires different precursors
51
What is energy from catabolic metabolism used for
Anabolic metabolism
52
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate | - The energy currency
53
ATP | - Roles
- Powers all of cells energy-requiring processes - Potential energy extracted from food - Energy transferred to do work
54
Where is energy stored
In bonds of ATP
55
What is ATP hydrolysed by
Water
56
ATP Hydrolysis
- Outermost phosphate released - Catalysed by ATPase - Energy released
57
ATP levels
Low ATP levels in cells create sensitivity to ATP/ADP

Introduction to the science of sport, exercise and health (24 decks)

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