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Introduction to the science of sport, exercise and health > Energy conversion in the body > Flashcards

Energy conversion in the body Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy

A

Capacity for work (W)

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2
Q

Energy

-unit

A

Joules (J)

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3
Q

Old unit:(cal)

A

Energy required to heat 1g of water by 1 degree C

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4
Q

What is power

A

Rate which work is performed or energy is transmitted

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5
Q

power

- unit

A

Watt (W)

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6
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A
  • Energy cannot be created nor can it be destroyed - transferred from one form to another
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7
Q

Conservation of energy

A
  • Ex. body transforms energy in food into heat
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8
Q

What happens to energy when it has appeared to be destroyed

A
  • ‘quality’ changes
  • energy diluted
  • Energy can lose its abilities
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9
Q

Potential energy

A

Bound in a specific form

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10
Q

Kinetic energy

A
  • Harnessing of potential energy

- Biosynthesis results from harnessing of potential energy

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11
Q

Exergonic

A

energy releasing process

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12
Q

Endergonic

A

Energy conserving process (absorbs energy)

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13
Q

Mechanical work

A
  • Muscle contraction

- Cell division

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14
Q

Chemical work

A

Synthesis of molecules - i.e. fat

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15
Q

Transport work

A
  • Diffusion

- Active transport (sodium/potassium pump)

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16
Q

Electrical work

A
  • Transport of charged particles

- Action potentials in nerves and muscles

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17
Q

What does reaction rate depend on

A
  • PH
  • Temperature
  • Availability of substrates
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18
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A
  • Catabolize complex organic molecules
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19
Q

How are chemical bonds split during hydrolysis

A

Adding H+ and OH

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20
Q

Biological example of hydrolysis

A

Digestion

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21
Q

Condensation reaction

A

reverse of hydrolysis

- peptide bonds

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22
Q

Oxydation

A

Loss of electrons

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23
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons

24
Q

Nutrients

A

Fuels for the body

25
Q

Carb metabolism

A

Can happen under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

26
Q

Protein and fat metabolism

A

require oxygen to be metabolised

- Need good oxygen supply to be effective

27
Q

Biggest energy store

A

Fat - 79%, even more if person unhealthy

28
Q

2nd largest energy store

A

Protein - 20%

29
Q

3rd largest energy store

A

Carbs - 1%

30
Q

most energy used comes from..

A

Carbs

31
Q

Metabolic energy

A

Generated by oxidising different nutrient

32
Q

Oxidation reaction

A

Combutions

33
Q

aerobic glycolysis

A

body ‘burns’ glucose

34
Q

Metabolic energy currencies

A
  • NADH

- ATP

35
Q

how is energy released in the cell

A

many single portions

36
Q

Electron transport chain

A
  • Transports electrons from high energy content (NADH) to low energy content
  • Allows us to harvest enzyme into something we can use in the body
37
Q

Controlled enzymatic reactions

A

Used to convert and transfer chemical energy of oxidation and make it utilizable for metabolism

38
Q

Cellular redox reactions

A

underlie energy metabolism

39
Q

NAD and FAD

A

oxidise food

40
Q

What transports electrons

A

Carrier molecules

41
Q

What are electrons passed to

A

Redox complexes

42
Q

In electron transport what acts as the final electron acceptor

A

Oxygen

43
Q

Reduction equivalents

A
  • secondary energy currancy of the cell

- transport electrons

44
Q

Where do reduction equivalents transport electrons

A

From the the nutrient to the final oxidising agents

45
Q

Most important reduction equivalents

A

NAD+ (+2e) -> NADH + H+

FAD (+2e) -> FADH2

46
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

synthesises ATP

47
Q

How does oxidative phosphorylation synthesise ATP

A

Transferring electrons from NADH & FADH2 to oxygen

48
Q

How many ATP molecules can you get from 1 NADH molecule

A

3

49
Q

Catabolic metabolism

A

Break down or oxidation of nutrients

  • Releases energy
  • Produces intermediates that are useful for metabolism
50
Q

Anabolic metabolism

A

Produces new components i.e. fat, enzymes, hormones

  • Consumes energy
  • Requires different precursors
51
Q

What is energy from catabolic metabolism used for

A

Anabolic metabolism

52
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

- The energy currency

53
Q

ATP

- Roles

A
  • Powers all of cells energy-requiring processes
  • Potential energy extracted from food
  • Energy transferred to do work
54
Q

Where is energy stored

A

In bonds of ATP

55
Q

What is ATP hydrolysed by

A

Water

56
Q

ATP Hydrolysis

A
  • Outermost phosphate released
  • Catalysed by ATPase
  • Energy released
57
Q

ATP levels

A

Low ATP levels in cells create sensitivity to ATP/ADP

Introduction to the science of sport, exercise and health (24 decks)

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