Carbohydrate, fat and protein

Question 1

Carbs

- composition

Answer 1

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen

Question 2

Carbs

- general formula

Answer 2

(CH2O)n

Question 3

Types of carbs

Answer 3

• Monosaccharides
• Oligosaccharides
• Polysaccharides

Question 4

Monosaccharides

Answer 4

Basic unit of carbohydrates

Question 5

Oligosaccharides

Answer 5

2 - 10 sugars bonded chemically

(disaccharides most common) - sucrose

Question 6

Polysaccharides

Answer 6

3 to thousands of sugars linked together

Question 7

Monosaccharides

- Types

Answer 7

• Glucose
• Fructose
• Galactose

Question 8

Glucose

Answer 8

Blood sugar

Question 9

Fructose

Answer 9

fruit sugar (sweet tasting sugar)

Question 10

Galactose

Answer 10

Does not exist free in nature

-High Glycaemic index

Question 11

Disaccharides

Answer 11

• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose

Question 12

Lactose

Answer 12

• Least sweet sugar

- Milk

Question 13

Sucrose

Answer 13

• Most common sugar
• Honey, cane sugar
• maple syrup

Question 14

Maltose

Answer 14

Beer, breakfast cereal

Question 15

Plant polysaccharides

Answer 15

• Starch

- Fibre

Question 16

Starch

Answer 16

• 80-90% of all polysaccharides we eat
• Lower glycaemic index
• Most important source of carbs (AKA complex carbs) - Amylose, amylopectin
• Found in seeds, corn, grains of cereal etc.

Question 17

Fibre

Answer 17

• Non-starch, structural polysaccharide

- Found in legumes, some fruits, juices and certain veg

Question 18

Role of CHO

Answer 18

• Energy source
• Catabolism of blood glucose and glycogen from liver and muscles fuels muscle contraction
• Fuel for the central nervous system

Question 19

Lipids

- Structure

Answer 19

Same structural components as carbohydrates

Question 20

Hydrogen to oxygen ratio

Answer 20

High

Question 21

Types of Lipids

Answer 21

• Simple
• Compound
• Derived

Question 22

Simple lipids

- Most common

Answer 22

Triacylglycerols

• Made up of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol
• Main form of fat in adipocytes
• One of the most important forms of dietary fat

Question 23

Fat energy density

Answer 23

Fat is energy-dense, get more energy from 1g of fat than 1g of carbs

Question 24

Types of fatty acid

Answer 24

• Saturated

- Unsaturated

Question 25

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 25

Only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms

Question 26

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 26

one or more double bonds along their main carbon chain

Question 27

What are compound lipids

Answer 27

Triacyglycerol components combined with other chemicals

Question 28

What are derived lipids

Answer 28

Substances derived from simple and compound lipids

Question 29

Example of derived lipid

Answer 29

Cholestral

Question 30

Cholestral

Answer 30

- Classified as lipid - Both Exogenous and endogenous - Builds plasma membranes - Synthesises vitamins, hormones and bile - High levels are predictor of coronary artery disease

Question 31

Role of fat in the body

Answer 31

- Energy source and reserve - Structural ( membranes) - Protection of vital organs - Thermal insulation - Vitamin carrier - Hunger depresser

Question 32

What do proteins contain

Answer 32

- Carbon - Hydrogen - Nitrogen - Oxygen - Amino acids - Amine group, organic acid group, R group or sidechain

Question 33

Recommended dietary protein intake

Answer 33

15% of total energy intake

Question 34

When increase protein intake

Answer 34

- Infants and growing children | - Vegetarians

Question 35

Role of protein in the body

Answer 35

Amino acids are major building blocks for synthesising tissue

Question 36

what does protein act as in the body

Answer 36

- Enzyme - Hormone - Structural - Muscle protein - Energy source

Question 37

How does protein act as an energy source in the body

Answer 37

It is converted to glucose in the liver to provide energy for the brain when CHO intake is low