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NUTRITON > vitamins and minerals > Flashcards

vitamins and minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

B vitamins and Vitamin C

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2
Q

Fat Soluble vitamins

A

KEDA

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3
Q

Thiamin
Function:
Sources:
Def

A

B1
Function: Metabolism of pyruvate, CHO Oxidation
Lost in an alkaline and high temp
Sources: Liver, pork, turkey
Def: Beriberi, memory loss, Increase plasma pyruvate, wernicke

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4
Q

Riboflavin
Function:
Def:
Sources

A

B2
Function: Lost in UV (Radiation)
energy released from protein, RBC formation
Def: Magenta tongue, anything with mouth, growth failure
Sources: Liver, kidney, milk, meat

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5
Q

Niacin
Metabolism:
Sources
Def:

A 
B3 (think 3) 
Metabolism of all (3) cho, fat and protein 
Sources: cereals, chicken, rice
Def: 
1. Beefy red tongue
2. Pellagra
3. Petechiae
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6
Q

Pellagra

A

Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death

Niacin def

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7
Q

Petechiae

A

Purple red spots on skin due to deficiency in
Omega 6’s
Niacin
Vitamin C

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8
Q

Pyrodoxine

def:

A

B6
coenzyme in transamination, AA acid metabolism
Def: Seizures, Glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, dermatitis

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9
Q

Biotin

Def

A

B7
made by intestinal bacteria
is a coenzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids
Def: Glossitis, dermatitis,

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10
Q

Cyanocalamin

contains:
Function:
Sources
Def

A 
B12 
contains Cobalt bound to intrinsic factor 
Function: Coenzyme in protein synthesis 
Sources: Found in animal products 
Def: macrocytic metabasaltic anemia,
due to IF= pernicious anemia
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11
Q

Folate

Function
Sources

A

B9
Important for pregnancies, prevents neural tube defects
Found in fortified cereal, liver, citrus fruits

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12
Q

Strength of B vitamins (1,2,3)

Weakness of B vitamins (1,2,3)

A

Love to be a part of metabolism, energy release, precursor and essential

Easily destroyed by
heat, and PH(1)
UV (2)

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13
Q

Dry Beriberi vs Wet BeriBeri

A

DRY BERIBERI- damages the nerves leading to muscle paralysis

Wet BeriBeri- affects the heart.

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14
Q

Strength of b12

weakness of b12

A

Makes RBC, coenzyme is protein synthesis

weakness: because it is bound to IF, it will lead to pernicious anemia,

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15
Q

Vitamin K
kind of vitamin
Sources Function

A

fat soluble
Sources: green leafy veggies: Spinach Kale, Broccoli
If on Anticoagulant: needs to stay consistent with Vit K

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16
Q

Strength of fat soluble vitamins

weakness for fat soluble vitamins

A

Loves change, is a precursor and provitamin, converts things, antioxidant

Weakness: great risk for toxicity

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17
Q

Vitamin E

Sources
Function
def:

A

Sources; Veggie oil, almonds, green vegetables
Function: Lease toxic vitamin, Antioxidant: protects RBC
Def: hemolytic anemia

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18
Q

Vitamin D
Function
Sources
Who needs the most vitamin D

A

Function: metabolism of calcium and phosphate
Promotes absorption of calcium in the gut
The more VIt D the more calcium
Sources: Sunlight, mushrooms, egg yolk, fortified milk
Elderly need Vit D, post menopausal women, obese, darker skin

19
Q

Normal levels of Vitamin D

A

30-100 ng/ml

20
Q

Vitamin A
Sources

Def

A

Sources: yellow orange foods
The darker the more they will have
Eyes: carrots
Def: night blindness, corneal damage, bitots spots

21
Q

Strength of Vitamin C

Weakness of Vitamin C

A

very handy, likes to build things, likes to heal wounds and aid iron in absorption

weakness: easily destroyed by heat and high PH

22
Q

Vitamin C

Function
Sources
Def

A

destroyed fast in heat, and alkaline
heals wounds, builds collagen for skin
Sources: Citrus fruits, potatoes, yellow/green veggies
Def: scurvy, poor wound healing, petechiae

23
Q

Iron

Def
Sources

A

Def: pale tongue, fatigue, anemia, spoon shaped nails
chewing ice
sources: Liver, beans, tofu

24
Q

healing wound process

A

Make sure enough Kcal and Protein before giving Vitamin C and Zinc

25
Q

Copper

Def:

A

Def: microcytic anemia, neutropenia

26
Q

Calcium
Function
Sources

A

Most abundant,
Function: important for blood clotting and cardiac function
Sources; yogurt, milk cottage cheese, fish canned with its bones

27
Q

most abundant mineral

second most abundant mineral

A

Calcium

Phosphorus

28
Q

RDA CALCIUM

A

1,000-1,200 MG ADULTS
1,300MG 18 AND PREGNANT

400mg of CA in 1 cup of yogurt.

29
Q

Phosphorus
Function
Sources

A

Function: second most abundant mineral
most pt’s in dialysis have high phosphorus, if phos is high it will pull calcium from bones. Will result in bone weakness (fractures)
Sources: organically in meat, dairy, fish, beans nuts,

30
Q

Selenium

Sources
Function

A

Sources: soil, grain, poultry, fish and dairy
Function: involved in cardiac, works with Vitamin E

31
Q

Magnesium

Function

A

important in body function and life function

32
Q

Zinc

type of mineral
Function
Sources
Def

A

trace mineral,
increases taste, enhances insulin action, wound healing.
Sources: meat, liver, fish, eggs
def: hypoguesia( low taste), poor wound healing, alopecia(Hair loss)

33
Q

Iodine

A

In salt to prevent Goiter

added to seafood and salt

34
Q

Fluoride

A

added to water supply to prevent dental carries.

Excess fluoride: Fluorosis (brown stains on teeth)

35
Q

Potassium

A 
Electrolyte
POTASSYUM
P (Potatoes)
O (oranges)
T (tomatoes)
A (avocado)
S (Spinach)
S (Soy beans) 
YUM (Strawberries, bananas, Cantaloupes)
36
Q

Foods low in potassium

A

Apples, cranberry, corn

37
Q

Low hemoglobin (HGB), low hematocrit (HC) , with high MCV

A

Macrocytic & Megaloblastic

Folate and B12 deficiency

38
Q

If everything is low, Low HGB, Low HC, and Low MCV

A

Microcytic : Iron deficiency

39
Q

Vitamin D active forms
1
2
3

A 
1  Skin
2 Liver (Calcidiol) 
3 Kidney (calcitriol): active form
40
Q

Easily pluckable hair + lines down all nails

A

protein deficiency

41
Q

red and swollen gums

A

vitamin C deficiency

42
Q

Omega 3

A

Reduces TG levels
Reduces inflammation
walnuts + fish, salmon,

43
Q

Omega 6

A

beauty & brain: helps with brain function, skin and hair growth
corn, rice, bakes products
deficiency leads to petechiae, eczema

44
Q

who will have low B2

A

Riboflavin

Radiation patients

NUTRITON (17 decks)

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