vitamins and minerals

Question 1

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 1

B vitamins and Vitamin C

Question 2

Fat Soluble vitamins

Answer 2

KEDA

Question 3

Thiamin
Function:
Sources:
Def

Answer 3

B1
Function: Metabolism of pyruvate, CHO Oxidation
Lost in an alkaline and high temp
Sources: Liver, pork, turkey
Def: Beriberi, memory loss, Increase plasma pyruvate, wernicke

Question 4

Riboflavin
Function:
Def:
Sources

Answer 4

B2
Function: Lost in UV (Radiation)
energy released from protein, RBC formation
Def: Magenta tongue, anything with mouth, growth failure
Sources: Liver, kidney, milk, meat

Question 5

Niacin
Metabolism:
Sources
Def:

Answer 5

B3 (think 3) 
Metabolism of all (3) cho, fat and protein 
Sources: cereals, chicken, rice
Def: 
1. Beefy red tongue
2. Pellagra
3. Petechiae

Question 6

Pellagra

Answer 6

Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death

Niacin def

Question 7

Petechiae

Answer 7

Purple red spots on skin due to deficiency in
Omega 6’s
Niacin
Vitamin C

Question 8

Pyrodoxine

def:

Answer 8

B6
coenzyme in transamination, AA acid metabolism
Def: Seizures, Glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, dermatitis

Question 9

Biotin

Def

Answer 9

B7
made by intestinal bacteria
is a coenzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids
Def: Glossitis, dermatitis,

Question 10

Cyanocalamin

contains:
Function:
Sources
Def

Answer 10

B12 
contains Cobalt bound to intrinsic factor 
Function: Coenzyme in protein synthesis 
Sources: Found in animal products 
Def: macrocytic metabasaltic anemia,
due to IF= pernicious anemia

Question 11

Folate

Function
Sources

Answer 11

B9
Important for pregnancies, prevents neural tube defects
Found in fortified cereal, liver, citrus fruits

Question 12

Strength of B vitamins (1,2,3)

Weakness of B vitamins (1,2,3)

Answer 12

Love to be a part of metabolism, energy release, precursor and essential

Easily destroyed by
heat, and PH(1)
UV (2)

Question 13

Dry Beriberi vs Wet BeriBeri

Answer 13

DRY BERIBERI- damages the nerves leading to muscle paralysis

Wet BeriBeri- affects the heart.

Question 14

Strength of b12

weakness of b12

Answer 14

Makes RBC, coenzyme is protein synthesis

weakness: because it is bound to IF, it will lead to pernicious anemia,

Question 15

Vitamin K
kind of vitamin
Sources Function

Answer 15

fat soluble
Sources: green leafy veggies: Spinach Kale, Broccoli
If on Anticoagulant: needs to stay consistent with Vit K

Question 16

Strength of fat soluble vitamins

weakness for fat soluble vitamins

Answer 16

Loves change, is a precursor and provitamin, converts things, antioxidant

Weakness: great risk for toxicity

Question 17

Vitamin E

Sources
Function
def:

Answer 17

Sources; Veggie oil, almonds, green vegetables
Function: Lease toxic vitamin, Antioxidant: protects RBC
Def: hemolytic anemia

Question 18

Vitamin D
Function
Sources
Who needs the most vitamin D

Answer 18

Function: metabolism of calcium and phosphate
Promotes absorption of calcium in the gut
The more VIt D the more calcium
Sources: Sunlight, mushrooms, egg yolk, fortified milk
Elderly need Vit D, post menopausal women, obese, darker skin

Question 19

Normal levels of Vitamin D

Answer 19

30-100 ng/ml

Question 20

Vitamin A
Sources

Def

Answer 20

Sources: yellow orange foods
The darker the more they will have
Eyes: carrots
Def: night blindness, corneal damage, bitots spots

Question 21

Strength of Vitamin C

Weakness of Vitamin C

Answer 21

very handy, likes to build things, likes to heal wounds and aid iron in absorption

weakness: easily destroyed by heat and high PH

Question 22

Vitamin C

Function
Sources
Def

Answer 22

destroyed fast in heat, and alkaline
heals wounds, builds collagen for skin
Sources: Citrus fruits, potatoes, yellow/green veggies
Def: scurvy, poor wound healing, petechiae

Question 23

Iron

Def
Sources

Answer 23

Def: pale tongue, fatigue, anemia, spoon shaped nails
chewing ice
sources: Liver, beans, tofu

Question 24

healing wound process

Answer 24

Make sure enough Kcal and Protein before giving Vitamin C and Zinc

Question 25

Copper Def:

Answer 25

Def: microcytic anemia, neutropenia

Question 26

Calcium Function Sources

Answer 26

Most abundant, Function: important for blood clotting and cardiac function Sources; yogurt, milk cottage cheese, fish canned with its bones

Question 27

most abundant mineral second most abundant mineral

Answer 27

Calcium Phosphorus

Question 28

RDA CALCIUM

Answer 28

1,000-1,200 MG ADULTS 1,300MG 18 AND PREGNANT 400mg of CA in 1 cup of yogurt.

Question 29

Phosphorus Function Sources

Answer 29

Function: second most abundant mineral most pt's in dialysis have high phosphorus, if phos is high it will pull calcium from bones. Will result in bone weakness (fractures) Sources: organically in meat, dairy, fish, beans nuts,

Question 30

Selenium Sources Function

Answer 30

Sources: soil, grain, poultry, fish and dairy Function: involved in cardiac, works with Vitamin E

Question 31

Magnesium Function

Answer 31

important in body function and life function

Question 32

Zinc type of mineral Function Sources Def

Answer 32

trace mineral, increases taste, enhances insulin action, wound healing. Sources: meat, liver, fish, eggs def: hypoguesia( low taste), poor wound healing, alopecia(Hair loss)

Question 33

Iodine

Answer 33

In salt to prevent Goiter | added to seafood and salt

Question 34

Fluoride

Answer 34

added to water supply to prevent dental carries. | Excess fluoride: Fluorosis (brown stains on teeth)

Question 35

Potassium

Answer 35

``` Electrolyte POTASSYUM P (Potatoes) O (oranges) T (tomatoes) A (avocado) S (Spinach) S (Soy beans) YUM (Strawberries, bananas, Cantaloupes) ```

Question 36

Foods low in potassium

Answer 36

Apples, cranberry, corn

Question 37

Low hemoglobin (HGB), low hematocrit (HC) , with high MCV

Answer 37

Macrocytic & Megaloblastic | Folate and B12 deficiency

Question 38

If everything is low, Low HGB, Low HC, and Low MCV

Answer 38

Microcytic : Iron deficiency

Question 39

Vitamin D active forms 1 2 3

Answer 39

``` 1 Skin 2 Liver (Calcidiol) 3 Kidney (calcitriol): active form ```

Question 40

Easily pluckable hair + lines down all nails

Answer 40

protein deficiency

Question 41

red and swollen gums

Answer 41

vitamin C deficiency

Question 42

Omega 3

Answer 42

Reduces TG levels Reduces inflammation walnuts + fish, salmon,

Question 43

Omega 6

Answer 43

beauty & brain: helps with brain function, skin and hair growth corn, rice, bakes products deficiency leads to petechiae, eczema

Question 44

who will have low B2

Answer 44

Riboflavin | Radiation patients