vitamins and minerals Flashcards
Water soluble vitamins
B vitamins and Vitamin C
Fat Soluble vitamins
KEDA
Thiamin
Function:
Sources:
Def
B1
Function: Metabolism of pyruvate, CHO Oxidation
Lost in an alkaline and high temp
Sources: Liver, pork, turkey
Def: Beriberi, memory loss, Increase plasma pyruvate, wernicke
Riboflavin
Function:
Def:
Sources
B2
Function: Lost in UV (Radiation)
energy released from protein, RBC formation
Def: Magenta tongue, anything with mouth, growth failure
Sources: Liver, kidney, milk, meat
Niacin
Metabolism:
Sources
Def:
B3 (think 3) Metabolism of all (3) cho, fat and protein Sources: cereals, chicken, rice Def: 1. Beefy red tongue 2. Pellagra 3. Petechiae
Pellagra
Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death
Niacin def
Petechiae
Purple red spots on skin due to deficiency in
Omega 6’s
Niacin
Vitamin C
Pyrodoxine
def:
B6
coenzyme in transamination, AA acid metabolism
Def: Seizures, Glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, dermatitis
Biotin
Def
B7
made by intestinal bacteria
is a coenzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids
Def: Glossitis, dermatitis,
Cyanocalamin
contains:
Function:
Sources
Def
B12 contains Cobalt bound to intrinsic factor Function: Coenzyme in protein synthesis Sources: Found in animal products Def: macrocytic metabasaltic anemia, due to IF= pernicious anemia
Folate
Function
Sources
B9
Important for pregnancies, prevents neural tube defects
Found in fortified cereal, liver, citrus fruits
Strength of B vitamins (1,2,3)
Weakness of B vitamins (1,2,3)
Love to be a part of metabolism, energy release, precursor and essential
Easily destroyed by
heat, and PH(1)
UV (2)
Dry Beriberi vs Wet BeriBeri
DRY BERIBERI- damages the nerves leading to muscle paralysis
Wet BeriBeri- affects the heart.
Strength of b12
weakness of b12
Makes RBC, coenzyme is protein synthesis
weakness: because it is bound to IF, it will lead to pernicious anemia,
Vitamin K
kind of vitamin
Sources Function
fat soluble
Sources: green leafy veggies: Spinach Kale, Broccoli
If on Anticoagulant: needs to stay consistent with Vit K
Strength of fat soluble vitamins
weakness for fat soluble vitamins
Loves change, is a precursor and provitamin, converts things, antioxidant
Weakness: great risk for toxicity
Vitamin E
Sources
Function
def:
Sources; Veggie oil, almonds, green vegetables
Function: Lease toxic vitamin, Antioxidant: protects RBC
Def: hemolytic anemia
Vitamin D
Function
Sources
Who needs the most vitamin D
Function: metabolism of calcium and phosphate
Promotes absorption of calcium in the gut
The more VIt D the more calcium
Sources: Sunlight, mushrooms, egg yolk, fortified milk
Elderly need Vit D, post menopausal women, obese, darker skin
Normal levels of Vitamin D
30-100 ng/ml
Vitamin A
Sources
Def
Sources: yellow orange foods
The darker the more they will have
Eyes: carrots
Def: night blindness, corneal damage, bitots spots
Strength of Vitamin C
Weakness of Vitamin C
very handy, likes to build things, likes to heal wounds and aid iron in absorption
weakness: easily destroyed by heat and high PH
Vitamin C
Function
Sources
Def
destroyed fast in heat, and alkaline
heals wounds, builds collagen for skin
Sources: Citrus fruits, potatoes, yellow/green veggies
Def: scurvy, poor wound healing, petechiae
Iron
Def
Sources
Def: pale tongue, fatigue, anemia, spoon shaped nails
chewing ice
sources: Liver, beans, tofu
healing wound process
Make sure enough Kcal and Protein before giving Vitamin C and Zinc
Copper
Def:
Def: microcytic anemia, neutropenia
Calcium
Function
Sources
Most abundant,
Function: important for blood clotting and cardiac function
Sources; yogurt, milk cottage cheese, fish canned with its bones
most abundant mineral
second most abundant mineral
Calcium
Phosphorus
RDA CALCIUM
1,000-1,200 MG ADULTS
1,300MG 18 AND PREGNANT
400mg of CA in 1 cup of yogurt.
Phosphorus
Function
Sources
Function: second most abundant mineral
most pt’s in dialysis have high phosphorus, if phos is high it will pull calcium from bones. Will result in bone weakness (fractures)
Sources: organically in meat, dairy, fish, beans nuts,
Selenium
Sources
Function
Sources: soil, grain, poultry, fish and dairy
Function: involved in cardiac, works with Vitamin E
Magnesium
Function
important in body function and life function
Zinc
type of mineral
Function
Sources
Def
trace mineral,
increases taste, enhances insulin action, wound healing.
Sources: meat, liver, fish, eggs
def: hypoguesia( low taste), poor wound healing, alopecia(Hair loss)
Iodine
In salt to prevent Goiter
added to seafood and salt
Fluoride
added to water supply to prevent dental carries.
Excess fluoride: Fluorosis (brown stains on teeth)
Potassium
Electrolyte POTASSYUM P (Potatoes) O (oranges) T (tomatoes) A (avocado) S (Spinach) S (Soy beans) YUM (Strawberries, bananas, Cantaloupes)
Foods low in potassium
Apples, cranberry, corn
Low hemoglobin (HGB), low hematocrit (HC) , with high MCV
Macrocytic & Megaloblastic
Folate and B12 deficiency
If everything is low, Low HGB, Low HC, and Low MCV
Microcytic : Iron deficiency
Vitamin D active forms
1
2
3
1 Skin 2 Liver (Calcidiol) 3 Kidney (calcitriol): active form
Easily pluckable hair + lines down all nails
protein deficiency
red and swollen gums
vitamin C deficiency
Omega 3
Reduces TG levels
Reduces inflammation
walnuts + fish, salmon,
Omega 6
beauty & brain: helps with brain function, skin and hair growth
corn, rice, bakes products
deficiency leads to petechiae, eczema
who will have low B2
Riboflavin
Radiation patients
